Assessment and incidence of fish associated bacterial pathogens at hatcheries of Azad Kashmir, Pakistan

Abstract

Fish is the most indispensable source of proteins for individuals and have high nutritional value. On the other hand, the fish culturing raised issues of fish health due to close contact between the aquatic environment and the fish pathogens. So, the aim of the current study was to identify the bacterial pathogens and screen the injured Rainbow trout rearing in different trout hatcheries run under fisheries department of the government of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. Seven bacterial pathogens such as Shigella flexneri, Enterobacter amnigenus, Salmonella Typhimurium, Serratia odorifera, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Bacillus cereus were isolated and identified. Results revealed that the injury of fish specimens was due to overcrowding. Instead of rainbow coloration, specimens have darker black in color. The water of ponds was not clean and clear and such conditions was because of the greater quantity of feed thrown in the water. It was concluded that poor hygienic water condition and overloading allowed the opportunistic bacterial contaminations to succeed which cause a serious threat to hatcheries.

Bacteriophages in the Control of Aeromonas sp. in Aquaculture Systems: An Integrative View

“…The rapid spread and the ubiquitous nature of fish pathogenic microorganisms mean that infection control and prevention can be difficult [ 99 , 100 ]. Preventing and controlling diseases in aquaculture becomes more challenging with: (1) severe fecal contamination in fish farm waters [ 101 , 102 ], because few medications are licensed for use in fisheries [ 2 , 25 ] and many chemotherapeutic agents are ineffective against endospores and zoospores, leading to treatment failure in the case of infection [ 103 , 104 ]; (2) irregular environmental conditions (e.g., elevated temperatures, salinity variations, decreased oxygen concentrations, high organic load) that may contribute to disease outbreaks, often weakened by the sensitive fish’s innate defense system [ 98 , 102 , 105 ]; (3) high fish densities (greater than the indicated for each species), common practice in farming systems, which reduces infection resistance [ 106 ]; (4) different stages of the fish life cycle, that affect the development of the immune system, increases the frequency of infections [ 106 , 107 ]; (5) the indiscriminate and prophylactic use of antibiotics that increases the resistance problem in common pathogenic bacteria and the concern with the antibiotic spread in the environment [ 25 , 28 , 108 ].…”

Percentage Incidences of Bacteria in Mahseer (Tor putitora), Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) Fish Collected from Hatcheries and Local Markets of District Malakand and Peshawar of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

“…In cold or freezer storage many changes such as biochemical changes in lipids and proteins can occur (Latip et al, 2013) (Ampofo and Clerk, 2010). Prevalences of bacteria namely Bacillus cereus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Serratia odorifera, Enterobacter amnigenus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium and Shigella flexneri were detected in Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fish collected from different trout hatcheries (Kousar et al, 2020). The bacterial isolates such as Bacillus moratorium, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus licheniformis, Listeria monocytogenes, Providential stuartii, Serratia marcescens, Salmonella spp.…”

Evaluation of three alum-precipitated Aeromonas hydrophila vaccines administered to Labeo rohita, Cirrhinus mrigala and Ctenopharyngodon idella: immunokinetics, immersion challenge and histopathology

“…Fish diseases are becoming devastating factor especially in developing countries like Pakistan, where aquaculture is operational with limited financial and technological resources. One of the constraints faced in major carp culture in Pakistan is the high temperature and humidity during Monsoon season, which provides a favorable environment for A. hydrophila to grow in ponds resulting in high risk of fish infections (Kousar et al, 2020). Keeping in view the increasing importance of vaccination as immunoprophylaxis measure for disease prevention, the present study was planned to develop alum-based inactivated vaccines against pathogenic A. hydrophila for cultured fish species of Pakistan.…”