Protective effect of Echinochrome against intrahepatic cholestasis induced by alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate in rats

Abstract

<jats:p>Abstract The present study was designed to evaluate the protective effects of echinochrome (Ech) on intrahepatic cholestasis in rats induced by a single (i.p.) injection of alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) (75 mg/kg body weight). The rats were pre-treated orally for 48hr (one dose / 24hr) with Ech (1, 5 and 10 mg/kg body weight) or ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) 80 mg/kg body weight drug then, injected with ANIT. ANIT markedly increased serum activities of alanine amino transaminase (ALT), aspartate amino transaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which was accompanied by a massive inflammation of epithelial cells on bile duct at 24h after ANIT injection. ANIT also increased the levels of total protein (TP), total bilirubin (TB), direct bilirubin (DB), indirect bilirubin (IB), however decrease albumin content (ALB). In addition ANIT increased hepatic MDA and NO level and decreased GSH level and GST activity. The Ech exerted hepatoprotective and anticholestatic effects as assessed by a significant decrease in the activities of serum AST, ALT and ALP, and the levels of TP, TB, DB and IB as well as liver MDA level and NO level. In conclusion, Ech was found to possess hepatoprotective effect against intrahepatic cholestasis induced by hepatotoxin such as ANIT.</jats:p>

1,4-Naphthoquinones: Some Biological Properties and Application

“…Therefore, echinochrome (20) could be used as a potential alternative antiseptic remedy via oxidative damage attenuation. 44) In other experiments it was demonstrated that echinochrome (20) exerted hepatoprotective and anticholestatic effects as assessed by a significant decrease in the activities of serum AST, ALT and ALP, the levels of total protein and bilirubin, and liver MDA and NO levels in the animal model of intrahepatic cholestasis in rats induced by hepatotoxin such as alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate. 45) Additionally, this compound showed the ability to improve the functioning of the muscular system and lipid and protein metabolism in first-and secondtype diabetic patients.…”

“…A new group of hydroxynaphthoquinones was isolated from the callus culture of the tropical liana Triphyllum peltatum, three of which-dioncoquinone B (43), its 6-O β-glucoside (44) and dioncoquinone C (45) (Fig. 11), showed a significant activity against the parasitic protists of Leishmania major.…”

Multifaceted Clinical Effects of Echinochrome

“…Owing to its remarkable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, Ech A has been applied to various inflammatory and fibrotic diseases [ 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 ]. A study conducted in Japan demonstrated the anti-inflammatory properties of Ech A in a model of lipopolysaccharide-induced uveitis in rats [ 57 ].…”

“…The anti-inflammatory and anti-infectious effects of Ech A in various organs have been investigated [ 58 , 61 , 62 ]. In the gastric ulcer model, Ech A showed a significant antiulcer effect, which was proven by the reduced area of ulceration when the gastric juice volume and acidity were decreased [ 62 ].…”

Sea Urchin Pigments: Echinochrome A and Its Potential Implication in the Cytokine Storm Syndrome

“…Echinochrome A Cardioprotective activity Human [17] Echinochrome A Acetylcholinesterase inhibition H9c2 and A7r5 cells [18] Echinochrome A Antistress effect Bone marrow cells in SHK mice [19] Echinochrome A Amelioration of intraocular inflammation (uveitis) caused by endotoxins Lewis rats [20] Echinochrome A Decreased risk of atherogenesis and improvement of glutathione metabolism Human [21] Echinochrome A Cardiomyocyte protection against toxic agents Rat cardiac myoblast H9c2 cells and isolated rat cardiomyocytes. [1] Echinochrome A Reduction in diabetic complications in liver Wistar albino rats [22] Echinochrome A Improvement of the musculoskeletal system and the metabolism of lipids and proteins in both types of diabetes mellitus Wistar albino rats [23] Echinochrome A Improvement in the renal function and ameliorating renal histopathological Winstar albino rats [3] Echinochrome A Enhancement in exercise capacity Sprague-Dawley rats [24] Echinochrome A Prevention and/or deceleration of PD-like neurodegeneration Rats [25] Echinochrome A Hepatoprotective effect against intrahepatic cholestasis induced by toxic agents Rats [26] Echinochrome A Enhancing cardiomyocyte differentiation Mouse embryonic stem cells [27] Echinochrome A Potentiating the effectiveness of antitumor therapy Ehrlich ascites carcinoma model [28] Echinochrome A Cardioprotective against the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin Human cardiomyocyte cell line (AC16) and human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) [29] Echinochrome A Liver antiseptic Albino rats [30] Echinochrome A Improvement in lipid profile, liver functions, kidney functions, and antioxidant markers Rats [31] Echinochrome A Cardioprotective against the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin AC16 human cardiomyocyte cells [4] Echinochrome A Hypolipidemia in obesity Rats [31] Echinochrome A Prevention of atherosclerotic inflammation, SOD3 mimetic, improves the response of the immune system Human [12] Echinochrome A Protective effects on the extracellular matrix of vocal folds in Ovariectomized rats [32] Echinochrome A Antitumor activity, decreases lipid peroxidation, and improves antioxidant status Ehrlich ascites carcinoma tumor model in mice [33] Echinochrome A Anti-inflammatory effect Rats [34]…”