Adenoviruses of canine and human origins in stool samples from free-living pampas foxes (&lt;italic&gt;Lycalopex gymnocercus&lt;/italic&gt;) and crab-eating foxes (&lt;italic&gt;Cerdocyon thous&lt;/italic&gt;) in São Francisco de Paula, Rio dos Sinos basin

Monteiro, GS; Fleck, Juliane Deise; Kluge, Mariana; Rech, NK; Soliman, MC; Staggemeier, Rodrigo; Rodrigues, MT; Barros, MP; Heinzelmann, LS; Spilki, Fernando Rosado

doi:10.1590/1519-6984.0313

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…One study by our team has reported these infections in the city of São Francisco de Paula, Rio Grande do Sul. That study detected HAdV DNA in 82.3% (14/17) of stools samples and CAdV in five specimens [20]. In addition, enteric viruses can be easily spread from humans to domestic animals due to the non-enveloped virus environmental resistance and its capacity to spread by contaminated feeds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…For detection of CAdV-A a set of primers, which had the hexon protein as the target gene, was used. The forward was CAV-F1 5´-CACGATGT-GACCACTGAGAG-3´ and the reverse was CAV-R1 5´-GGTAGGTATTGTTTGTGACAGC-3' [20]. The final volume of the reaction was 50 µL: 25 µL from Mix at PCR solution 3 , 18 µL of water RNAse and DNAse free, 20 pmol of each primer 3 , and 5 µL of DNA (at approximately 100 ng/µL).…”

Section: Viral Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human Adenovirus, Mesophilic Bacteria and Fungi in Puppies’ Food Marketed in Bulk in Southern Brazil

Carvalho

Eisen

Pucci

et al. 2019

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: The Brazilian domestic canine population are the second largest in the world and their feeding means 0.4% of the Brazilian gross domestic product. For maintaining the quality of the food, the companies use worldwide standards for technical prevention and control of contaminants and biological conservation. The packaging is part of this process, since it provides a barrier between food and environment. However, in Brazil, packagings are often opened in retail stores for bulk marketing. The objectives of this work were to develop a methodology to detect viruses in foods and to analyze the bacterial and fungal contamination in puppies’ food sold in bulk in Ivoti and Estância Velha, cities in Southern Brazil. Materials & Methods & Results: Twenty samples collected between September and October 2016 were analyzed for most probable number of coliforms, Salmonella sp., mesophilic aerobic bacteria and yeast/mold following the regulation of the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply guidelines. They were also tested for Human Mastadenovirus C (HAdV), Canine Mastadenovirus A (CAdV), and Carnivore Protoparvovirus 1 (CPV) genomes. Viral analysis were performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection. During the collection of the samples hygienic-sanitary conditions, storage of feeds, animals’ access, dog grooming, and veterinary care were considered to evaluate the conditions of each store. A pilot study was carried out using one food sample marketed in bulk and one sample from the original package (closed package) and testing them for bacterial and fungal contamination for standardizing viral detection. Ten grams of food from the original package were mixed with 90 mL of Eagles’ Minimal Essential Medium (E-MEM) in 100 mL sterile bottles. These bottles were kept in room temperature and shaken for 60 min. Subsequently, aliquots were obtained by sequentially diluting the sample (10-2 to 10-4). All final specimens contained 10 mL and each diluted sample was spiked with HAdV-C prototype viral strain (AdV5). A standard solution of HAdV-C was diluted from 3.6x106TCID50mL, (50% tissue culture infective dose) to 3.6x103 TCID50mL, and DNA extraction was performed. Nested-PCR targeting AdV DNApol was performed to detect adenoviruses from different hosts. AdV-positive samples were submitted to nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Specific PCRs were also carried out for CAdV and CPV. Mesophilic aerobic bacteria were detected in all samples and Aspergillus sp. was found in five samples, among which one sample was co-infected with Penicillium sp. One sample was positive for AdV, which was identified as HAdV by sequencing; while coliforms and Salmonella sp. were not detected.Discussion: The presence of fungi with mycotoxigenic potential, such as Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp. represents a threat for canines, due to toxins that may persist for a long period even after the fungus is not viable. Moreover, dogs seem to be more susceptible to the effects of the toxins, which is probably because of low glutathione s-transferase activity. Some species of Penicillium sp. genus may produce ocrathoxin A, which nephrotoxic and immunosuppressive effects in dogs are widely reported. Mesophilic bacteria were detected in all samples (at 104 CFU/g) and considered harmless. The detection of human viruses points to the presence of anthropic contamination; on the other hand, ingestion of contaminated feed, even if it is by a heterologous species, turns the dogs into carriers of the virus. In addition, manipulation of those feeds by children who share the same space with dogs can result in gastroenteritis episodes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Viral Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Adenovirus, Mesophilic Bacteria and Fungi in Puppies’ Food Marketed in Bulk in Southern Brazil

Carvalho

Eisen

Pucci

et al. 2019

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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“…Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for detecting viral genomes: reactions were made in a final volume of 50 µL, being 5 µL of DNA sample, 25 µL of the PCR Mix solution (Promega ® , Madison, USA), 18 µL of RNA-DNAse free water and 1 µl of each primer. CAdV-A amplification started with an initial denaturation step of 98 ºC for 7 min, followed by 35 cycles of 1 min at 94 ºC, 1 min at 54 ºC and 1 min at 72 ºC, and a final extension of 7 min at 72 ºC 14 . CPV-1 amplification started with an initial denaturation step started at 95 ºC for 5 min followed by 35 cycles of 30 s at 95 ºC, 30 s at 50 ºC and 1 min at 72 ºC, followed by a final extension step of 7 min at 72 ºC 15 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil contamination of a public park by human and canine mastadenovirus, as well as hookworms and Toxocara spp eggs

Eisen

Demoliner

Oliveira

et al. 2019

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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Public parks are leisure environments widely used by both, adults and children, often accompained by their pets. Soil contamination of these environments by enteric viruses and intestinal parasites occurs through these animals feces. The aim of this work was to detect Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 (CPV-1) and different species of Mastadenovirus in soils samples from a park located in a medium-sized city in Brazil and evaluate the presence of helminth eggs and larvae in 18 points of a public park soil samples, as well as feces found on this site during six months. Parasitological analyzes were conducted through flotation and sedimentation techniques, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for viral detection. Of the 216 soil and 16 feces samples, 49% (106/216) and 12% (2/16) were positivefor nematodes larvae, respectively, through sedimentation techniques. Toxocara spp eggs were found in one soil sample and one feces sample, Trichuris spp eggs were found in only one feces sample and Hookworms eggs were found in four soil samples. After reconstruction work in the streets near the park, 30% (64/216) of the samples were positive for Human Mastadenovirus C (HAdV-C), 1.4% (3/216) for HAdV-E and 0.4% (1/216) for Canine Mastadenovirus A (CAdV-A). The parasitic forms found in this study have demonstrated that the contamination of the park’s soil pose a threat to human and animal health. This was the first study to report the presence of HAdVs and CAdVs in soil samples.

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“…The amplicon resulted 300 to 350 bp of the gene encoding a CAV-1 and CAV-2 hexon protein, respectively [30].…”

Section: Polymerase Chain Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First description of Protoparvovirus in surface water and human Adenovirus in green leafy vegetable, Environmental Education Center - Southern Brazil

Gartner

Demoliner

Girardi

et al. 2021

Preprint

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This study analyses the presence of coliforms, Mastadenovirus (AdV) and Canine protoparvovirus (CPV) in an Environmental Education Center (EEC), which includes a city kennel in Southern Brazil, in October 2017 and February 2018. In both collections were analyzed surface water at AdV (human and canine species), CPV, total (TC) and fecal coliforms (FC) presence; lettuce at AdV; and dogs stool at canine AdV (CAV) and CPV. In total, 67 samples were analyzed: 33 dog stool samples; 10 points of surface water and 24 fractions (root, stem and leaves) originated of eight lettuce. Coliforms and viral analyses were performed by Colilert and PCR assays, respectively. Amplicon was sequenced, and species/types of virus were characterized. TC and FC were detected in all surface water in at least one of the collections. Occurrence of viruses was of the 34.3% (23/67) in all samples. HAdV-C was observed in 13% [2/23] (water sample); HAdV-E in 8,7% (2/23) – water and lettuce; CAV-1 in 13% (3/23) – two stool samples and one water sample; and CPV-2a in 56.5% (13/23) – dog stools. Raccoon CPV-like and AdV (not characterized) were detected in one surface water sample and one dog stool sample, respectively. As far as we know, this is the first molecular characterization of the presence of one wildlife animal Protoparvovirus in water and AdV in lettuce reported in Brazil. Detection of HAdV-E in lettuce confirmed the role of vegetables as a potential vehicle of human food-borne viral diseases. Nonetheless, more studies are needed about Raccoon CPV-like to elucidate the potential transmission and threat of this virus in wildlife and interspecies (wild and domestic).

show abstract

Adenoviruses of canine and human origins in stool samples from free-living pampas foxes (<italic>Lycalopex gymnocercus</italic>) and crab-eating foxes (<italic>Cerdocyon thous</italic>) in São Francisco de Paula, Rio dos Sinos basin

Cited by 17 publications

References 27 publications

Human Adenovirus, Mesophilic Bacteria and Fungi in Puppies’ Food Marketed in Bulk in Southern Brazil

Human Adenovirus, Mesophilic Bacteria and Fungi in Puppies’ Food Marketed in Bulk in Southern Brazil

Soil contamination of a public park by human and canine mastadenovirus, as well as hookworms and Toxocara spp eggs

First description of Protoparvovirus in surface water and human Adenovirus in green leafy vegetable, Environmental Education Center - Southern Brazil

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