What is the role of microbial infection in Alzheimer’s disease?

Barichello, Tatiana; Giridharan, Vijayasree V.; Comim, Clarissa M.; Morales, Rodrigo

doi:10.1590/1516-4446-2021-0037

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…Coriolus versicolor also has important antioxidant activities: it reduced lipid peroxidation, nitrite and ROS levels, and restored the activities of the phase II detoxifying enzymes, including SOD, Catalase, and GSH. In sequence, the pro-inflammatory environment stimulates the formation of IFITM3 protein in astrocytes and neurones [ 64 ], which upregulate Aβ production. Its accumulation in amyloid plaques is regulated by transcriptional directive of AβPP, modification in activity, and/or expression of the secretases involved in AβPP cleavage and ROS expression resulting from glial activation [ 65 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanism of Action of Natural Compounds in Peripheral Multiorgan Dysfunction and Hippocampal Neuroinflammation Induced by Sepsis

et al. 2023

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Bacterial sepsis induces the production of excessive pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress, resulting in tissue injury and hyperinflammation. Patients recovering from sepsis have increased rates of central nervous system (CNS) morbidities, which are linked to long-term cognitive impairment, such as neurodegenerative pathologies. This paper focuses on the tissue injury and hyperinflammation observed in the acute phase of sepsis and on the development of long-term neuroinflammation associated with septicemia. Here we evaluate the effects of Coriolus versicolor administration as a novel approach to treat polymicrobial sepsis. Rats underwent cecal ligation and perforation (CLP), and Coriolus versicolor (200 mg/kg in saline) was administered daily by gavage. Survival was monitored, and tissues from vital organs that easily succumb to infection were harvested after 72 h to evaluate the histological changes. Twenty-eight days after CLP, behavioral analyses were performed, and serum and brain (hippocampus) samples were harvested at four weeks from surgery. Coriolus versicolor increased survival and reduced acute tissue injury. Indeed, it reduced the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the bloodstream, leading to a reduced chronic inflammation. In the hippocampus, Coriolus versicolor administration restored tight junction expressions, reduce cytokines accumulation and glia activation. It also reduced toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome components expression. Coriolus versicolor showed antioxidant activities, restoring glutathione (GSH) levels and catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and reducing lipid peroxidation, nitrite and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Importantly, Coriolus versicolor reduced amyloid precursor protein (APP), phosphorylated-Tau (p-Tau), pathologically phosphorylated tau (PHF1), phosphorylated tau (Ser202 and Thr205) (AT8), interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) expression, and β-amyloid accumulation induced by CLP. Indeed, Coriolus versicolor restored synaptic dysfunction and behavioral alterations. This research shows the effects of Coriolus versicolor administration on the long-term development of neuroinflammation and brain dysfunction induced by sepsis. Overall, our results demonstrated that Coriolus versicolor administration was able to counteract the degenerative process triggered by sepsis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Aβ deposition further increased the cerebral inflammatory answer. IFITM3 is a γ-secretase modulatory protein, which is basally expressed in many cells and found upregulated in AD patients [ 64 ]. Increased Tau phosphorylation is correlated with numerous neurodegenerative disorders [ 66 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%