Generalized anxiety disorder in type 2 diabetes mellitus: prevalence and clinical characteristics

Huang, Chun-Jen; Hsieh, Hui‐Min; Tu, Hung-Pin; Jiang, He-Jiun; Wang, Pengwei; Lin, Ching‐Hua

doi:10.1590/1516-4446-2019-0605

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(104 reference statements)

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“…In Pakistan, the mean overall prevalence of anxiety and depression is 27 % affecting more females than males 34 . The current study also found a higher GAD risk in female T2DM patients as compared to male subjects, which is in accordance with previously published data 33 . Altered bone metabolism is profound comorbidity associated with T2DM.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…Similar to our studies, Hasan et al, reported CKD prevalence in Pakistan 12-30 %, with a higher prevalence in male patients in comparison to females 32 . GAD is among the most prevalent mental health conditions and is characterized by unmanageable distress 33 . In Pakistan, the mean overall prevalence of anxiety and depression is 27 % affecting more females than males 34 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The multifactorial burden of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus: a study from clinical settings of University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan

Zaheer¹,

Zeb²,

Baloch³

et al. 2020

Int. j. endorsing health sci. res.

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Background: Diabetes is a multifactorial disease posing a socioeconomic threat to the worldwide community. The prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is continuously increasing in Pakistan and becoming a serious concern for the general public as well as concerned clinicians. This case-control study aimed to analyze the modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors associated with T2DM in the Pakistani population. Methodology: A structured questionnaire was filled by the T2DM patients attending the diabetic clinic at Dow University Hospital. Non-diabetic subjects were recruited from the general population. Participants were questioned regarding their age, body mass index (BMI), educational status, diabetes management practices and comorbidities associated with T2DM. Results: Our results suggest that BMI, gender, increasing age, educational status are significantly associated with T2DM. Our data also suggested that approximately 80% of T2DM patients had at least one comorbidity, whereas 59 % had two or more comorbidities. The most prevalent comorbidities found in our study group were in the order of Chronic Kidney disease (CKD) (15.8 %), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) (14.4 %), Bone disease (14 %) and Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) (12.6 %) respectively. Conclusion: Compared to worldwide data, our results are in accordance with the global prevalence with respect to age, gender and BMI, with CKD being the most prevalent comorbidity in contrast to CVD found worldwide.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The multifactorial burden of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus: a study from clinical settings of University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan

Zaheer¹,

Zeb²,

Baloch³

et al. 2020

Int. j. endorsing health sci. res.

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show abstract

“…The use of a diagnostic criterion to ascertain the accurate prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients is scarce. Nevertheless, a study in Taiwan by Huang et al ( 7 ) using diagnostic tools only determined the prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder among T2DM patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Impairment and Its Associated Risk Factors in the Elderly With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

et al. 2021

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Cognitive impairment is not only common but may also act as a precursor for dementia. Moreover, diabetes mellitus has been shown to promote the progression of dementia. This study aims to determine the prevalence of cognitive impairment and its associated risk factors among the elderly patients having type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. This is a cross-sectional study involving 113 participants who were attending the physician clinic. The participants were selected using the universal sampling method. The tools included a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, and the Mini-International Neuropsychiatry Interview. Descriptive analysis was performed and followed by multiple logistic regression. The prevalence of cognitive impairment, depressive disorder, and anxiety disorder was 46.9, 10.6, and 2.7%, respectively. Indians (aOR = 4.90, 95% CI = 1.57–15.27) as well as participants who had completed their secondary (aOR = 0.34; 95% CI = 0.12–0.96) and tertiary (aOR = 0.05; 95% CI = 0.01–0.26) levels of education were significantly associated with cognitive impairment. The prevalence of cognitive impairment was high as well as significantly associated with the ethnicity and education levels of the elderly participants. Indeed both secondary and tertiary education decreased the odds ratio of developing cognitive impairment when compared with no formal and primary education. To determine and reduce the potential risk factors which contribute to cognitive impairment, an early diagnosis of T2DM is crucial. The early detection and treatment of T2DM as well as its associated risk factors are key factors in protecting against cognitive impairment.

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“…During the investigation period of 2000 to 2010, the prevalence of GAD was significantly greater in the T2DM patients than in the general control cohort, while the increase in GAD was higher in the general control cohort (from 0.25% to 0.63%) than among T2DM patients (from 0.81% to 1.03%). Huang et al [ 41 ] showed that in T2DM patients, GAD was associated with female sex. Another study investigated the prevalence of anxiety disorder (AD) in Taiwanese patients with T2DM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Depression, Antidepression Medications, and the Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Nationwide Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study in Taiwan

Fang

Lin

et al. 2021

BioMed Research International

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The relationship between depression, antidepressant medications (ADMs), and the risk of subsequent type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) development remains controversial. Thus, we investigated this aspect by a population-based retrospective cohort study using the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2000 available in Taiwan. This large, observational study included 46,201 patients with depression and a 1 : 1 age- and sex-matched nondepression cohort enrolled between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2013, and the newly diagnosed T2DM incidence rates were determined. We estimated the effects of depression on T2DM and the cumulative incidence curves by Cox proportional regression hazard models and Kaplan-Meier methods, respectively. We found that 47.97% of the patients with depression did not receive ADM. Among patients with depression who received ADM, 29.71%, 6.29%, 0.05%, 9.65%, and 6.32% received selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), heterocyclic antidepressants, and other medications, respectively. Patients without ADM treatment had a 39% higher risk of developing T2DM. However, those who received ADM treatment had a significantly lower risk of T2DM development in every treatment category. Depressive disorder treated with ADMs, especially with long-term use, was associated with an 11–48% decrease in the risk of T2DM in all ADM groups; however, heterocyclic antidepressant treatment for shorter periods (<80 days) was not significantly associated with a decreased risk of T2DM. The incidence of T2DM in Taiwan was found to be associated with an a priori history of depression and was inversely correlated with ADM treatment.

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Generalized anxiety disorder in type 2 diabetes mellitus: prevalence and clinical characteristics

Cited by 16 publications

References 41 publications

The multifactorial burden of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus: a study from clinical settings of University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan

The multifactorial burden of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus: a study from clinical settings of University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan

Cognitive Impairment and Its Associated Risk Factors in the Elderly With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Association between Depression, Antidepression Medications, and the Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Nationwide Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study in Taiwan

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