Background: Suicide is a leading cause of death in children and youth, with suicidal thoughts and suicide attempt (referred to as non-fatal suicidal behaviors; NFSB) being among its strongest predictors. Parenting, including positive parenting (e.g. warmth, responsiveness), negative parenting (e.g. control, hostility) and parent-child relationship (e.g. trust, communication), may be associated with differences in NFSB in children and youth. But the overall strength of these associations remains unclear. To date, no comprehensive systematic review has considered together the wide range of parenting factors studied in relation to NFSB, and no meta-analysis of existing findings has been conducted. The present study will critically appraise and synthesize the existing evidence from observational studies that examine the relationships between parenting factors and i) suicidal ideation and ii) suicide attempt in people aged less than 25.Methods: Our systematic review and meta-analysis will include cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, published as articles and dissertations, and identified in APA PsycInfo, Medline, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus and the Cochrane Library databases. Two reviewers will select articles after title and abstract screening and full-text assessment of relevant citations. They will extract relevant information using double data entry and will appraise studies’ quality. Any disagreements will be discussed with a third reviewer. In addition to a narrative summary of results, when at least three studies are available, meta-analyses will be conducted using three-level random effect models that will derive pooled estimates from dependent effect sizes (obtained from the same sample or study). In case of significant heterogeneity, moderation analyses will be performed considering study design, age, gender, ethnicity of participants, type of informant(s), countries and their income economy indicators. If possible, separate analyses will be conducted according to study setting. Certainty of evidence will be assessed using the GRADE approach.Discussion: Our findings will identify parenting factors associated with NFSB and better estimate the strength of associations in children and youth. The results will inform further intervention and prevention strategies designed for young people experiencing NFSB and their families by highlighting parenting factors that are important to target and in identifying high-risk population subgroups. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42020165345