Is the regulation of Z-drugs in Brazil in line with scientific research and international standards?

Barros, Víviam Vargas de; Opaleye, Emérita Sátiro; Noto, Ana Regina

doi:10.1590/1516-4446-2017-2372

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…Zolpidem was introduced in Brazil as a hypnosedative with a better safety profile than benzodiazepines (Barros et al, 2018). Our data also point to an increase in zolpidem use, indicating a possible substitution of the therapy used to treat anxiety, possibly due to advertisements favoring Z-drug prescription.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Dispensing of psychotropic drugs in the Brazilian capital city before and during the COVID-19 pandemic (2018–2020)

Saavedra¹,

Galato

Silva

et al. 2022

Front. Pharmacol.

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Objective: Evaluate the data on the psychotropic drugs dispensed by private community pharmacies before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.Methods: This cross-sectional study compared the quarterly and annual consumption of psychotropic drugs per Defined Daily Dose per 1000 inhabitants-day (DHD). Interrupted time series were also constructed to expose changes in the consumption pattern in the periods before and after March 2020.Results: Among the 20 most consumed psychoactive drugs, 12 were antidepressants, for example, escitalopram (DHD 7.996 and 10.626; p < 0.001), and sertraline (DHD 6.321 and 8.484; p < 0.001), in addition to the hypnotic zolpidem (DHD 6.202 and 8.526; p < 0.001). The time series reveals (R2 value) a variation in drug dispensing, in DHD values, during the pandemic.Conclusion: Despite the higher variance, a significant increase is clearly seen in the consumption trends of psychoactive drugs, particularly antidepressants, consistent with the pandemic’s influence on the general population’s mental health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Dispensing of psychotropic drugs in the Brazilian capital city before and during the COVID-19 pandemic (2018–2020)

Saavedra¹,

Galato

Silva

et al. 2022

Front. Pharmacol.

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“…[32][33][34] In addition, BZDs and Z-drugs are not subject to the same type of prescription control; the rules for BZDs are stricter and more explicit regarding the risk of dependence. 35 The BENDEP-SRQ PV withdrawal domain represents how distressed respondents felt by withdrawal symptoms at any time when they tried to reduce their medication use. No differences were found in withdrawal symptoms between the drug classes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 32 - 34 In addition, BZDs and Z-drugs are not subject to the same type of prescription control; the rules for BZDs are stricter and more explicit regarding the risk of dependence. 35 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Particularly regarding Z-drugs, it is important to disseminate information based on the current scientific evidence to dispel the erroneous beliefs of patients and health professionals and, from a broader perspective, to direct legislation about the control of BZDs and Z-drugs. 35 It is important that future studies include other groups of hypnotics users, such as abusers or people who take them during treatment for alcohol use disorders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dependence on hypnotics: a comparative study between chronic users of benzodiazepines and Z-drugs

Curado

Barros

Noto

et al. 2022

Braz. J. Psychiatry

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Objective: To evaluate dependence among chronic benzodiazepine and Z-drug users in Brazil. Methods: Chronic users of benzodiazepines (n=94), Z-drugs (n=74), or both (n=11) were recruited from the community, underwent a psychiatric evaluation and completed self-report instruments on hypnotic dependence, insomnia, anxiety, and depression. Users of benzodiazepines and Z-drugs were compared using t-tests, and logistic regression models were employed to explore significant predictors of a dependence diagnosis. Results: There was no difference in the prevalence of dependence among benzodiazepine (77.2%) and Z-drug (69.4%) users. Benzodiazepine users reported increased psychosocial aspects of dependence, anxiety, and depression. Preoccupation with the availability of medication (prevalence ratio ) and insomnia (PR = 1.10 [1.02-1.19]) were associated with a diagnosis of dependence (n=175). Conclusion:The prevalence of dependence was similar among both drug classes. The increased self-reported dependence, anxiety, and depression among benzodiazepine users may be due to behavioral rather than pharmacological aspects of medication use. Behaviors related to hypnotic use were important predictors of dependence.

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Is the regulation of Z-drugs in Brazil in line with scientific research and international standards?

Cited by 2 publications

References 7 publications

Dispensing of psychotropic drugs in the Brazilian capital city before and during the COVID-19 pandemic (2018–2020)

Dispensing of psychotropic drugs in the Brazilian capital city before and during the COVID-19 pandemic (2018–2020)

Dependence on hypnotics: a comparative study between chronic users of benzodiazepines and Z-drugs

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