Gender-related dimensions of childhood adversities in the general population

Coêlho, Bruno M.; Santana, Geilson Lima; Viana, María Carmen; Andrade, Laura Helena; Wang, Yuan‐Pang

doi:10.1590/1516-4446-2017-2366

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Females were more likely to be in the 'High adversity' class and this is consistent with previous general population findings (Coêlho, Santana, Viana, Andrade, & Wang, 2018). The relationship between the classes and ethnicity was nuanced; a complex pattern of association between adversity and ethnicity has been found here, and the need to control for socioeconomic factors has been stressed (Mersky & Janczewski, 2018).…”

Section: Latent Class Analysessupporting

confidence: 90%

Childhood adversities among students at an English University: A latent class analysis

Davies

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Shevlin

2021

Journal of Trauma & Dissociation

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University students routinely participate in research, including research on trauma and adversity, but the unique implications of trauma and adversity for educational and developmental outcomes for this group have received less attention. This study surveyed first year undergraduate students at an urban university located in the most ethnically diverse district in England, with the second highest poverty rate. Of approximately 7,825 students, 858 responded; a response rate of 11%. The survey included thirteen questions about adverse circumstances before age 18. Four in five students (79%) reported at least one adversity, 51% reported three or more, and 20% reported at least six. Female students reported a higher mean number of adversities than men, but men were significantly more likely to report having been 'attacked, stabbed, shot or robbed by threat'. Where comparisons were possible, rates were higher than for the general population or for the only other UK university survey. A Latent Class Analysis produced four groupings. Besides the 'No adversity' (36%) and 'Intermediate' (46%) classes, there were two 'High adversity' groups, differentiated by high (12%) or moderate (6%) adversities related to cohabitation (parental separation, lived with depressed person, lived with alcohol/drug user, and lived with incarcerated person). Higher rates of adversities, and latent class membership, were related 2 to predictions that one would not complete one's degree. Implications and next steps are discussed.

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Section: Latent Class Analysessupporting

confidence: 90%

Childhood adversities among students at an English University: A latent class analysis

Davies

Read

Shevlin

2021

Journal of Trauma & Dissociation

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“…The sampling techniques of the selected papers include representative population samples 10 , 14 , 21 , 22 , 25 , 29 , 46 , Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) 15 , 26 , 45 , convenience sampling 23 , 43 , 47 , 50 , 65 , birth cohort 54 , 53 and multistage conglomerate survey 49 . Eight other studies did not collect primary data, using secondary data or testimony from other research 16 , 23 , 28 , 30 , 31 , 48 , 51 , 59 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the studies in this review did not include exclusively boys or men (n = 36). Among the studies not focused entirely on boys or men, 14 of them include children and adolescents of both sexes 14 , 20 , 28 , eight include adult women and men 8 , 10 , 19 , 21 , 25 , 35 , 44 , 62 , five include drug users 24 , 32 , 33 , 43 , 66 , two focus on patients in health services 21 , 52 , two focus on health professionals 36 , 56 , two target university students 42 , 47 , and one focuses on adolescents and adults 18 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In an analysis of the Public Security Yearbook data, the authors state that sexual crimes are among the least reported, which can be attributed to factors such as fear of the aggressor, judgments, or guilt 9 . A study conducted with men and women from a representative sample of the urban population of São Paulo concluded that experiences of sexual violence are more difficult to report when compared to other aggressions 10 . However, because of the way men are raised in a patriarchal society, it may be more difficult for them to talk about victimization experiences, producing a major problem in the reporting of rapes against men and boys 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Violência sexual contra homens no Brasil: subnotificação, prevalência e fatores associados

et al. 2023

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OBJETIVOS: Identificar e mapear a literatura referente à violência sexual contra meninos e homens brasileiros, bem como descrever sua subnotificação, sua prevalência e os fatores associados. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se uma de revisão de escopo com buscas nas bases de dados: PubMed, Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Scopus e Web of Science. Os critérios de inclusão foram: (a) pesquisas que incluíssem dados sobre violência sexual; (b) inclusão de meninos ou homens como vítimas de violência sexual; (c) apresentassem dados sobre prevalência, subnotificação e fatores associados à violência sexual entre meninos e homens brasileiros. RESULTADOS: Foram encontrados 1.481 trabalhos. No total, 53 foram incluídos e tiveram seus dados extraídos. A maioria dos estudos é de natureza quantitativa (n = 48). O total de participantes em todos os estudos foi de 1.416.480 e a prevalência de violência sexual variou de 0.1% a 71%. A subnotificação foi um aspecto citado em vários estudos. Entre os grupos com maiores prevalências estão os homens que fazem sexo com homens e com disfunções sexuais. Maior tendência ao uso de drogas, isolamento social, sexo anal desprotegido, ideação suicida, disfunções sexuais e transtorno de estresse pós-traumático foram alguns dos fatores associados. CONCLUSÕES: A violência sexual contra meninos e homens brasileiros é pouco estudada e existem poucos estudos com esse recorte exclusivo, apesar da prevalência de a violência sexual ser alta. Questões culturais, como o machismo, contribuem para a subnotificação da violência sexual. Em relação aos fatores associados, identificamos questões relacionadas à saúde mental, sexual e reprodutiva. Recomenda-se que seja estruturado acolhimento para meninos e homens vítimas de violência sexual, prevenindo ou minimizando desfechos negativos.

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“…Adverse childhood experiences display marked sexual dimorphism in its occurrence, but also in the ensuing neurological and behavioral consequences which depend on the type, timing and duration of stress exposure ( Fox et al, 2010 ; Gee and Casey, 2015 ; McLaughlin et al, 2019 ; White and Kaffman, 2019 ). For instance, girls are more likely to experience chronic sexual abuse, whereas boys are more likely to be exposed to physical violence and neglect ( Maikovich-Fong and Jaffee, 2010 ; Gauthier-Duchesne et al, 2017 ; Coelho et al, 2018 ). Specific changes in gray matter volume (GMV) have been observed depending on the type of abuse encountered, with parental verbal abuse being associated with higher GMV in the adult auditory cortex and observations of decreased GMV in left and right visual cortex (V1) as well as cortical thinning of somatosensory cortex representing the genital areas in children exposed to sexual abuse ( Teicher et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Early Life Stress on the Developing Basolateral Amygdala-Prefrontal Cortex Circuit: The Emerging Role of Local Inhibition and Perineuronal Nets

Guadagno

Belliveau

Mechawar

et al. 2021

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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The links between early life stress (ELS) and the emergence of psychopathology such as increased anxiety and depression are now well established, although the specific neurobiological and developmental mechanisms that translate ELS into poor health outcomes are still unclear. The consequences of ELS are complex because they depend on the form and severity of early stress, duration, and age of exposure as well as co-occurrence with other forms of physical or psychological trauma. The long term effects of ELS on the corticolimbic circuit underlying emotional and social behavior are particularly salient because ELS occurs during critical developmental periods in the establishment of this circuit, its local balance of inhibition:excitation and its connections with other neuronal pathways. Using examples drawn from the human and rodent literature, we review some of the consequences of ELS on the development of the corticolimbic circuit and how it might impact fear regulation in a sex- and hemispheric-dependent manner in both humans and rodents. We explore the effects of ELS on local inhibitory neurons and the formation of perineuronal nets (PNNs) that terminate critical periods of plasticity and promote the formation of stable local networks. Overall, the bulk of ELS studies report transient and/or long lasting alterations in both glutamatergic circuits and local inhibitory interneurons (INs) and their associated PNNs. Since the activity of INs plays a key role in the maturation of cortical regions and the formation of local field potentials, alterations in these INs triggered by ELS might critically participate in the development of psychiatric disorders in adulthood, including impaired fear extinction and anxiety behavior.

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Gender-related dimensions of childhood adversities in the general population

Abstract: CAs embrace sensitive personal information, clustering of which differed by gender. Acknowledging CAs may have an impact on medical and psychiatric outcomes in adulthood.

Cited by 10 publications

References 49 publications

Childhood adversities among students at an English University: A latent class analysis

Childhood adversities among students at an English University: A latent class analysis

Violência sexual contra homens no Brasil: subnotificação, prevalência e fatores associados

Effects of Early Life Stress on the Developing Basolateral Amygdala-Prefrontal Cortex Circuit: The Emerging Role of Local Inhibition and Perineuronal Nets

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