Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and intellectual giftedness: a study of symptom frequency and minor physical anomalies

Minahim, Daniel; Rohde, Luís Augusto

doi:10.1590/1516-4446-2014-1489

Cited by 21 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…A repeatedly highlighted challenge with such individuals is excessive problems with co-existing IA and HI behaviors (Hartnett et al 2004;Mullet & Rinn, 2015;Rinn and Reynolds 2012;Rommelse et al 2015;Webb et al 2005). Although this has historically raised concerns about the validity of ADHD diagnosis among children considered gifted (Lind, 2001), it is now generally accepted that such a diagnosis is valid (Antshel et al 2007;Minahim and Rohde 2015;Rommelse et al 2015). However, challenges for the diagnoses of ADHD among gifted individuals are yet to be addressed.…”

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confidence: 99%

Gifted Children with ADHD: How Are They Different from Non-gifted Children with ADHD?

Gomez

Stavropoulos

Vance

et al. 2019

Int J Ment Health Addiction

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The present study focused on inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity differences of gifted children with and without attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Based on clinical assessment utilizing the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for Children (ADISC-IV) and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition, attendees of a public outpatient child service (boys = 359, girls = 148), with mean age 10.60 years (SD = 3.08 years), were allocated into four groups: ADHD (N = 350), gifted (N = 15), gifted/ADHD (N = 18), and clinical controls (N = 124). The Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD-Symptoms and Normal Behavior Scale dimensionally assessed inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity variations. Compared to the gifted/ADHD group, the ADHD group had higher scores for inattention and comparable scores for hyperactivity/impulsivity. For most symptoms, the ADHD groups (gifted or not) rated higher than the non-ADHD groups (control and gifted without ADHD). Findings appeared to indicate that (i) ADHD is a valid diagnosis among children who are gifted, (ii) gifted children might tend to be less inattentive than non-gifted ADHD children, and (iii) ADHD-gifted children appear to differ from the non-ADHD-gifted children with regard to specific hyperactive and impulsive behaviors. The practical implication of these findings is that clinicians may wish to focus on these symptoms when diagnosing ADHD among children with high intelligence.

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confidence: 99%

Gifted Children with ADHD: How Are They Different from Non-gifted Children with ADHD?

Gomez

Stavropoulos

Vance

et al. 2019

Int J Ment Health Addiction

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“…Previous studies exploring morphological variants in individuals with NDDs have primarily focused on in‐person clinical assessments that spanned the entire body from head to toe (Accardo, Tomazic, Morrow, Haake, & Whitman, ; Angkustsiri et al, ; Manouilenko, Eriksson, Humble, & Bejerot, ; Minahim & Rohde, ; Myers et al, ; Ozgen et al, ; Ozgen et al, ; Tammimies et al, ; Tripi et al, ). However, it has been said that “the face predicts the brain” (Demyer, Zeman, & Palmer, ) and both the face and brain are developing simultaneously in utero (Marcucio et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Genetic variants, along with altered brain development, have been found in individuals with NDDs (Dougherty, Evans, Myers, Moore, & Michael, ; Faraone & Larsson, ; Ha, Sohn, Kim, Sim, & Cheon, ; Rommelse, Buitelaar, & Hartman, ; Tammimies et al, ). As a result, morphological variants could suggest the possibility of an underlying genetic abnormality that affected early embryogenesis and led to both the presence of morphological variants and abnormal brain development, resulting in NDDs like ASD and ADHD (e.g., Jones, ; Minahim & Rohde, ; Ozgen et al, ; Ozgen, Hellemann, de Jonge, Beemer, & van Engeland, ; Ozgen, Hop, Hox, Beemer, & van Engeland, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite efforts to identify NDDs earlier with behavioral screening measures, studies continue to demonstrate children often receive delayed diagnoses (Fridman, Banaschewski, Sikirica, Quintero, & Chen, ; Miodovnik, Harstad, Sideridis, & Huntington, ; Zuckerman, Lindly, & Sinche, ). Subsequently, researchers have explored different types and amounts of morphological variants as a tool for possibly detecting NDDs earlier, particularly for ASD and ADHD (e.g., Angkustsiri et al, ; Miles et al, ; Minahim & Rohde, ; Ozgen et al, ; Ozgen et al, ; Ozgen et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical versus automated assessments of morphological variants in twins with and without neurodevelopmental disorders

Myers

Anderlid

Nordgren

et al. 2020

American J of Med Genetics Pt A

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Physical examinations are recommended as part of a comprehensive evaluation for individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. These examinations should include assessment for morphological variants. Previous studies have shown an increase in morphological variants in individuals with NDDs, particularly ASD, and that these variants may be present in greater amounts in individuals with genetic alterations. Unfortunately, assessment for morphological variants can be subjective and time-consuming, and require a high degree of clinical expertise. Therefore, objective, automated methods of morphological assessment are desirable. This study compared the use of Face2Gene, an automated tool to explore facial morphological variants, to clinical consensus assessment, using a cohort of N = 290 twins enriched for NDDs (n = 135 with NDD diagnoses). Agreement between automated and clinical assessments were satisfactory to complete (78.3-100%). In our twin sample, individuals with NDDs did not have greater numbers of facial morphological variants when compared to those with typical development, nor when controlling for shared genetic and environmental factors within twin pairs. Common facial morphological variants in those with and without NDDs were similar and included thick upper lip vermilion, abnormality of the nasal tip, long face, and upslanted palpebral fissure. We conclude that although facial morphological variants can be assessed reliably in NDDs with automated tools like Face2Gene, clinical utility is limited when just exploring the

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“…Previously, it has been argued that high intelligence "mimics" ADHD [10,11]. According to this hypothesis, individuals with high intelligence frequently show high levels of activity, attention difficulties, and problems following rules and with task persistence [10][11][12][13]. Individuals with high intelligence can also achieve at a level lower than expected considering their cognitive abilities and experience social difficulties [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive correlates of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents with high intellectual ability

Cadenas

Hartman

Faraone

et al. 2020

J Neurodevelop Disord

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Background: There is an ongoing debate as to whether attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in highly intelligent individuals has a similar presentation as in average intelligent individuals. The aim of this study was to examine the cognitive correlates of ADHD in highly intelligent children and adolescents with ADHD. Method: Two independent samples (N = 204 and N = 84) of (1) high intelligence quotient (IQ) (IQ ≥ 120) children and adolescents with ADHD were used, carefully matched on age, gender, ADHD severity, and IQ with (2) control participants with high intelligence, (3) participants with ADHD with an average intelligence (IQ 90-110), and (4) control participants with an average intelligence. These samples were selected from the Dutch node of the International Multicenter ADHD Genetics (NeuroIMAGE) and Tracking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS) cohorts, respectively, in which a large battery of cognitive tasks was administered. Linear mixed models were used to examine the main effects of ADHD and IQ and their interaction on cognitive performance. Results: ADHD-control group differences were not moderated by IQ; mostly equally large ADHD-control differences in cognitive performance were found for high versus average intelligent groups. The small moderating effects found mostly indicated somewhat milder cognitive problems in highly intelligent individuals with ADHD. Overall, highly intelligent children and adolescents with ADHD performed at the level of the average intelligent control children. Conclusions: Our findings indicate the cognitive profile of ADHD is similar in highly versus average intelligent individuals with ADHD, although ADHD-related cognitive deficits may be easily overlooked in the high intelligence population when compared to the typical (i.e., average intelligent) control group.

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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and intellectual giftedness: a study of symptom frequency and minor physical anomalies

Cited by 21 publications

References 37 publications

Gifted Children with ADHD: How Are They Different from Non-gifted Children with ADHD?

Gifted Children with ADHD: How Are They Different from Non-gifted Children with ADHD?

Clinical versus automated assessments of morphological variants in twins with and without neurodevelopmental disorders

Cognitive correlates of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents with high intellectual ability

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