Poor sanitation and transmission of COVID-19 in Brazil

Alves, Mário Ribeiro; Souza, Rita Adriana Gomes de; Caló, Romero dos Santos

doi:10.1590/1516-3180.2020.0442.r1.18112020

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…30-32 Taking the Brazilian context into a wider perspective, low- and middle-income countries (as compared to high income countries) are likely to have higher negative impacts on cancer care services due to a significant shortage of resources and health care personnel. 11,33…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[30][31][32] Taking the Brazilian context into a wider perspective, low-and middle-income countries (as compared to high income countries) are likely to have higher negative impacts on cancer care services due to a significant shortage of resources and health care personnel. 11,33 Moreover, there is long-standing evidence of the inequality in hospital capacity across the regions in Brazil in terms of health infrastructure. A recent analysis reported that the median number of hospital beds in Brazil is 19 per 10 000, but 5% of the north's micro-regions have only six beds per 10 000.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Cancer-Related Hospitalizations in Brazil

Costa

Ribeiro

et al. 2021

Cancer Control

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Background Alongside the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic, Brazil also faces an ongoing rise in cancer burden. In 2020, there were approximately 592 000 new cancer cases and 260 000 cancer deaths. Considering the heterogeneities across Brazil, this study aimed to estimate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer-related hospital admissions at a national and regional level. Methods The national, regional, and state-specific monthly average of cancer-related hospital admission rates per 100 000 inhabitants and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated from March to July (2019: pre-COVID-19; and 2020: COVID-19 period). Thematic maps were constructed to compare the rates between periods and regions. Results Cancer-related hospital admissions were reduced by 26% and 28% for clinical and surgical purposes, respectively. In Brazil, the average hospitalization rates decreased from 13.9 in 2019 to 10.2 in 2020 per 100,000 inhabitants, representing a rate difference of −3.7 (per 100,000 inhabitants; 95% CI: −3.9 to −3.5) for cancer-related (clinical) hospital admissions. Surgical hospital admissions showed a rate decline of −5.8 per 100,000 (95% CI: −6.0 to −5.5). The reduction in cancer-related admissions for the surgical procedure varies across regions ranging between −2.2 and −10.8 per 100 000 inhabitants, with the most significant decrease observed in the south and southeastern Brazil. Conclusions We observed a substantial decrease in cancer-related hospital admissions during the COVID-19 pandemic with marked differences across regions. Delays in treatment may negatively impact cancer survival in the future; hence, cancer control strategies to mitigate the impact are needed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Cancer-Related Hospitalizations in Brazil

Costa

Ribeiro

et al. 2021

Cancer Control

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“…In some vulnerable settlements, printed manuals and posters were distributed in addition to online and community radio campaigns [81] . In vulnerable urban areas such as favelas, the Covid-19 burden is more noticieable [4] ; therefore, a prevention policy and its communication must be differentiated, taking into account the socioeconomic characteristics of these areas, such as the lack or limited access to sanitation, the cost of personal hygiene products and the prevalence of the informal employment [89] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19, SDGs and public health systems: Linkages in Brazil

et al. 2023

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“…This study shows that hospitals, PHC, and health workers become clusters of transmission of the virus. The COVID-19 Response Acceleration Task Force on September 23 stated that the cluster of patients at the hospital was the highest in Jakarta, with 24,400 positive patients, which is about 63.46% of the total cases in the province 71 . Another study also revealed that there had been transmission by 14 health workers (HCWs) infected with the virus at the Wuhan Union Hospital, China 72 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sociodemographic factors, environmental, community mobility and health indicators associated with the spread of COVID-19 and case fatality rate in Indonesia: an ecological study

Rachmat

Setyadi

Kustanto

2022

JPHD

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On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a global pandemic due to its Case Fatality Rate (CFR) and numerous determining factors. Therefore, this study aims to identify the sociodemographic, environmental, community mobility, and health indicators associated with the pandemic and CFR. The design applied is an ecological study with data collected from 34 provinces in Indonesia and analyzed using the Spearman correlation. The results showed that independent variables such as population, density, the number of workers engaged in micro and small enterprises, hotel rooms, stroke, diabetes, general practitioners, specialists, nurses, PHC per district, PHC plus, and COVID-19 referral hospitals were positive and significant to the COVID-19 cases (p<0.01). Poverty in rural areas, elderly in rural and urban areas, sanitation, and hypertension were positive and significant to COVID-19 cases (p<0.05). Retail and recreation, grocery and pharmacy, transit stations, and residential areas were negative and significant to COVID-19 cases (p<0.01). Population growth rate, workplaces, and poverty in rural areas were negative and significant to COVID-19 cases (p<0.05). Elderly in rural and urban areas, urban slum households, immunization, and hypertension were positive and significant to CFR (p<0.05). The government needs to prevent the spread of the virus in provinces, especially in areas with high population and density, increased elderly population, low immunization rate, poor sanitation, and a significant number of residents living with comorbidities, such as stroke, hypertension, and diabetes. Furthermore, beds, tents, emergency buildings, oxygen cylinders, and multilevel referral systems between health facilities need to be provided. The government also needs to limit the inflow of people abroad, optimize the Work from Home (WFH) policy, and limit community mobility outside the home, especially in Bali.

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Poor sanitation and transmission of COVID-19 in Brazil

Cited by 10 publications

References 37 publications

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Cancer-Related Hospitalizations in Brazil

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Cancer-Related Hospitalizations in Brazil

COVID-19, SDGs and public health systems: Linkages in Brazil

Sociodemographic factors, environmental, community mobility and health indicators associated with the spread of COVID-19 and case fatality rate in Indonesia: an ecological study

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