Are there differences in birth weight according to sex and associations with maternal exposure to air pollutants? A cohort study

Nascimento, Luiz Fernando Costa; Machín, Adrian Blanco; Santos, Djalma Antonio Almeida Dos

doi:10.1590/1516-3180.2016.0262100317

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…This analysis shows that female children are more affected with LBW as compared to males. Our findings were consistent with research explored that there was a higher chances of LBW among female children (OR = 1.39) as compare to male 44 . Literature also confined with our findings and proved that females are three times more likely to be stunted as compare to male child because of multiple reasons 34 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Impact of children born with low birth weight on stunting and wasting in Sindh province of Pakistan: a propensity score matching approach

Abbas

Kumar

Mahmood³

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Low Birth Weight (LBW) is considered as a major public health issue and leading cause of neonatal death. Almost one in four newborns are reported as underweight in Pakistan. Children born with low birth weight are highly vulnerable to develop diseases and death and/or remain undernourished (i.e., stunted and wasted). This study determines the LBW newborns are more prone to develop stunting and wasting in province of Sindh, Pakistan. Moreover, regression-based estimation of the impact of LBW on the child health outcomes of under five years of age, may be prone to selection bias because of the nature of non-experimental data set, thus, propensity score matching methods are used in this study. Data for this study was used from Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey (MICS-2014). MICS is a two-stage, stratified cluster sampling household level data covering urban and rural areas and consists of 19,500 households from five administrative divisions and 28 districts of Sindh province of Pakistan. The total sample size of children less than five years of age after cleaning the data are 7781, of which 2095 are LBW having birth weight categorized as “smaller than average and very small” and 5686 are normal birth weight (NBW) having birth weight very large, larger than average, and average. This study employed propensity score matching (PSM) regression methods to understand whether the children born as low birth weight are more prone to stunting and wasting and/or both. In province of Sindh, moderate wasting children under five years were 21%, severe wasting 6% and both wasting and stunting 10%. The propensity score results are shown significant in all groups. Specifically, all four types of PSM methods confirm a significant difference in the potential outcome variables—meaning that a child born with LBW has a significant adverse effect on the potential child health outcome variables (stunting, wasting and both). Thus, the propensity score matching findings confirm a significant and adverse effect of LBW on potential health outcomes of under five children. Similarly, low birth weight children are significantly more likely to be moderately wasted (OR = 1.5, CI = 1.3–1.6) and severely wasted (OR = 1.6, CI = 1.3–2.0) and both (stunted and wasted, OR = 2.0, CI = 1.7–2.3) as compared to children with normal birth weight. Male children, if born with low birth weight, are significantly more likely to be moderately wasted (OR = 1.3, CI = 1.1–1.5) and both (wasted and stunted, OR = 1.3, CI = 1.1–1.5) than girls. This large data analysis finding proved that the LBW newborns are on higher risk to develop wasting and stunting in Pakistan.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Impact of children born with low birth weight on stunting and wasting in Sindh province of Pakistan: a propensity score matching approach

Abbas

Kumar

Mahmood³

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain this difference, as a higher weight to lower gestational ages and an increased susceptibility to complications associated with males that could generate premature labor. 12,13 However, in the present study we did not find differences in birth weight and gestational age in relation to gender. Likewise, males have also been associated with a higher risk of mortality in prematurity.…”

Section: (contrasting

confidence: 87%

Apgar values lower than 7 associated with mortality in premature newborns

Reyes-Saavedra

Castelán-Villagrana

Mata-Maqueda

et al. 2022

SMJ

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Objectives: To determine the risk factors associated with mortality in premature newborns )PNB(. Methods: An observational, descriptive, and retrospective study, carried out at the General Hospital of San Juan del Rio, Queretaro, Mexico. The medical records of PNB admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit from January until December 2018 were studied.Results: A total of 136 PNB were included )74 males and 62 females( of whom 16 )11.7%( died )9 males and 7 females(. A correlation was observed between gestational age and birth weight with Apgar values at 1 and 5 minutes )r=0.37, p<0.001(. A lower birth weight was found in premature infants with infectious diseases, as well as a lower gestational age in relation to respiratory diseases )p<0.0001(. The PNB with Apgar values lower than 7 points at 1 and 5 minutes were Original Articlemore likely to die )p<0.0001(. The PNB with very low birth weight )1-1.49 kg(, with less than 28 weeks of gestation, and with infectious pathology showed more probabilities of dying )p<0.05(. Conclusion:Apgar values lower than 7 points in the PNB are associated with the presence of infectious diseases and mortality. Likewise, a lower gestational age represents a lower birth weight, with a higher risk for respiratory and infectious diseases, and consequently an elevated mortality.

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“…to the findings from a study conducted in Spain (OR = 2.05) 17 and to those from a Brazilian study conducted in the city of São José do Rio Preto (P < 0.01), which found strong associations between maternal schooling level and low birth weight. 18 Other comparisons with the Brazilian literature are very difficult, given the scarcity of studies on the effect of maternal exposure to air pollutants and occurrence of premature delivery. In a single study conducted by Lima et al, 19 a significant association between premature delivery and exposure to PM 10 was found on the day of delivery (lag 0), the day before delivery (lag 1) and three days prior to delivery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal exposure to benzene and toluene and preterm birth. A longitudinal study

Santos

Nascimento

2019

Sao Paulo Med. J.

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BACKGROUND: Exposure to air pollutants has several effects on human health, including during pregnancy. OBJECTIVE: To identify whether exposure to benzene and toluene among pregnant women contributes to preterm delivery. DESIGN AND SETTING: Longitudinal study using data on newborns from mothers living in São José dos Campos (SP) in 2016, who had been exposed to benzene and toluene. METHODS: A logistic regression model with three hierarchical levels was constructed using maternal variables relating to newborns, and using benzene and toluene concentrations in quartiles. Occurrences of cesarean births, twins or malformations were excluded. Maternal exposure windows of 5, 10, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days prior to delivery were considered. RESULTS: Out of the 9,562 live births, 3,671 newborns were included and 343 newborns were born at less than 37 weeks of gestation (9.3%). The average birth weight was 3,167.2 g. Exposure to benzene and toluene was significantly associated (P = 0.04) with preterm delivery in the five-day window. There was no association in any of the other exposure windows. CONCLUSIONS: It was possible to identify that maternal exposure to benzene and toluene has an acute effect on preterm delivery.

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Are there differences in birth weight according to sex and associations with maternal exposure to air pollutants? A cohort study

Cited by 12 publications

References 28 publications

Impact of children born with low birth weight on stunting and wasting in Sindh province of Pakistan: a propensity score matching approach

Impact of children born with low birth weight on stunting and wasting in Sindh province of Pakistan: a propensity score matching approach

Apgar values lower than 7 associated with mortality in premature newborns

Maternal exposure to benzene and toluene and preterm birth. A longitudinal study

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