Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Connor-Davidson resilience scale among Brazilian adult patients

Abstract

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Personal resilience is associated with several mental health outcomes. The Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC) is a widely used self-report measurement of resilience. This study aimed to investigate the reliability and validity of a Brazilian Portuguese version of the CD-RISC. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional validation study carried out in the outpatient clinics of a public university hospital. METHODS:The cross-cultural adaptation followed established guidelines and involved interviews with 65 adults in psychiatric and non-psychiatric outpatient clinics at a teaching hospital. Validation was assessed through concurrent application of the Lipp Brazilian Stress Symptom Inventory (ISSL), Self-Report Questionnaire (SRQ), Sheehan Disability Scales (SDS) and Chronic Pain Grade (CPG) to 575 patients at the same setting. Temporal stability was verified through a second application to 123 participants. RESULTS: Factor analysis identified four factors, named tenacity, adaptability-tolerance, reliance on support from outside and intuition. The alpha coefficient of 0.93 and intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.84 indicated good internal consistency and temporal stability. Significant correlations between this version of the CD-RISC and the ISSL, SRQ, SDS and CPG were noted. The patients at the outpatient clinic for borderline personality had resilience scores that were significantly lower than those of the patients at the general anxiety or post-traumatic stress outpatient clinics.

Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Resiliencia de Connor y Davidson (CD-RISC) en población española.

“…However, despite there being a great number of studies on the psychometric properties of the CD-RISC, there is still a great lack of consensus on the internal structure of the scale, since most studies in the literature reveal different factorial structures. Empirical evidence has supported the onedimensional model (Arias-Gonzalez, Crespo-Sierra, Arias-Martinez, Martinez-Molina & Ponce, 2015;Burns and Anstey, 2010;Campbell-Sills & Stein, 2007;Gucciardi, Jackson, Coulter & Mallett, 2011;Notario-Pacheco et al, 2011;Ponce-Cisternas, 2015;Sarubin et al, 2015), the twodimensional model (Fu, Leoutsakos & Underwood, 2013;Green et al, 2014;Jorgensen & Seedat, 2008;Perera & Ganguly, 2016), the three-dimensional model (Karairmak, 2010;Mealer, Schmiege & Meek 2016;Menezes de Lucena et al, 2006;Serrano-Parra et al, 2012;Xie, Peng, Zuo & Li, 2016;Yu & Zhang, 2007), the four-dimensional model (Crespo et al, 2014;Khoshouei, 2009;Lamond et al, 2008;Singh & Yu, 2010;Solano et al, 2016), the five-dimensional model (Fujikawa et al, 2013;Gillespie, Chaboyer, Wallis & Grimbeek, 2007;Jung et al, 2012;Manzano-García & Ayala-Calvo, 2013) and the second-order model (Yu et al, 2011). According to the above list, one could believe that the CD-RISC presents a different factorial configuration between studies, countries or sample types and therefore it would lead one to further believe that, in each case, one is measuring different constructs.…”

Resilience and Self-Care in People With Diabetes Mellitus

“…13 Previous contact was made with the authors, who developed the validated version available to the Brazilian population, designated as: Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale for Brazil (RISC-Br). 14 The instrument consists of 25 items, evaluated using a likert scale, with the following answer options: not at all true (zero); rarely true (one); sometimes true (two); often true (three), almost always true (four). Total scores can range from zero to 100 points, values close to 100 indicate better resilience.…”

Retrospective Development of a Novel Resilience Scale using Existing Cohort Data: The Adolescent to Adult Health Resilience Instrument

“…7 The CD-RISC was initially developed as a 25 item scale, 14 and has been validated in a wide range of subjects of varying ages. [15][16][17] More recently, Campbell-Sills and Stein developed a 10 item version of the CD-RISC, 18 which has also been validated in a variety of cross-cultural populations. 19,20 Given the widespread use of the CD-RISC scales and the breadth of their existing validation literature, we used the CD-RISC as the model for the Add Health Resilience Instrument.…”