Association between sociodemographics factors and dietary patterns during pregnancy

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between socio-demographic factors and dietary patterns in pregnancy. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with baseline data from a cohort of 421 postpartum women aged 18 and 45 years resident in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Dietary intake was evaluated with a validated food frequency questionnaire at 15 days following delivery, having as time frame the second and third pregnancy trimesters. Dietary patterns were identified using factor analysis for principal components analysis. The association between socio-demographic factors and the identified dietary patterns was assessed with multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS: Two dietary patterns were identified: i) healthy: fruits; green vegetables; vegetables; fish; roots, corn and potato; milk and dairy and herbal tea mate, and negatively loadings for alcohol and coffee and ii) mixed: rice; bean; flour and pasta; breads; cake and cookies; soda and juice; sugar and sweets; fatty foods; meats; chicken; and eggs. The linear regression showed that the income (β=0.0002; 95%CI: 0.0002-0.0004) and schooling (β=0.0491; 95%CI: 0.0264-0.0718) were positively associated with healthy pattern, and parity (β=-0.1044; 95%CI: -0.1665- -0.0423) and skin color (β=-0.3102; 95%CI: -0.5256- -0.0947) were negatively associated. Skin color (β=0.1647; 95%CI: 0.0378- 0.2916) and marital status (β=0.1065; 95%CI: 0.0062- 0.2067) were positively associated with mixed pattern and income (β=-0.0001; 95%CI:-0.0002- -0.0001) and schooling (β=-0.0281; 95%CI: -0.0417- -0.0146) were negatively associated. CONCLUSION: Socio-demographic factors such as income, schooling, skin color, marital status and parity were associated with dietary patterns in this sample of postpartum women residents in Rio de Janeiro.

Association of Prepregnancy Dietary Patterns and Anxiety Symptoms from Midpregnancy to Early Postpartum in a Prospective Cohort of Brazilian Women

“…Although our study has identified three dietary patterns before the pregnancy period, they were similar to other studies that derived patterns during pregnancy. 44,45 Our study has a higher total variance explained by patterns when compared with previous studies, which reported 31.3% and 23.5% of variance explained, respectively. These data explain the percentage of variability of diet in a specific population 21 ; that is, the common-Brazilian pattern was the most consumed in our sample because it had a higher percentage of variance explained, and all patterns together represent 36.2% of dietary variability of our population.…”

“…These patterns are similar to a mix of our common-Brazilian and healthy patterns. Castro and colleagues 45 identified two dietary patterns in Brazilian pregnant women: "healthy," characterized by fruits, green vegetables, vegetables, fish, roots/corn/and potato, milk/dairy, and herbal tea, and negative loadings for alcohol and coffee, which is extremely similar to our pattern also called healthy. The "mixed" pattern was composed of rice, beans, flour/pasta, breads, cake/cookies, soda/juice, sugar/sweets, fatty foods, meats, chicken, and eggs, and had food groups contained in the three dietary patterns identified in our study.…”

Sociodemographic characteristics determine dietary pattern adherence during pregnancy

“…Since the early 1990s, principal component analysis has been used to identify dietary patterns during pregnancy (9)(10)(11) . This method allows for diet to be described as a whole, and it can be used to assess the role of social and economic factors in the likelihood of adherence to a certain dietary pattern.…”

“…Similarly, principal component analysis provides additional information for exploring the relationship between nutrition and health (12)(13)(14) . There are still gaps regarding the impact of various socio-economic and demographic factors on adequate dietary intake during pregnancy (9,15) . In Brazil, a study of 421 pregnant women, conducted by Castro et al (9) , indicated that schooling and family income were positively associated with a 'healthy' dietary pattern.…”

Influência do padrão de sono sobre o ganho de peso ao longo da gestação

“…O padrão alimentar "saudável" associou-se positivamente com a renda e a escolaridade, e negativamente com a paridade e a etnia. O padrão "misto" associou-se positivamente com a etnia e o estado marital, e negativamente com a renda e a escolaridade (CASTRO et al, 2014).…”