Association between tobacco and/or alcohol consumption during pregnancy and infant development: BRISA Cohort

Impact of prenatal alcohol exposure on neurodevelopmental outcomes: a systematic review

“…Three of the four studies found no significant association between PAE and motor skills (Donald et al, 2019 ; Halliday et al, 2017 ; Hutchinson et al, 2019 ). Negrao et al ( 2020 ) found an association between concomitant use of alcohol and tobacco and fine motor skills, but not for gross motor skill or for alcohol consumption alone. Compared to children whose mother did not use alcohol or tobacco, children whose mothers’ used alcohol and tobacco concomitantly during pregnancy were at increased risk for motor delays in fine motor skills (RR 2.81, 95% CI [1.65, 4.77], p < 0.05), but not in gross motor delay ( RR 1.49, 95% CI [0.77, 2.87], p > 0.05).…”

“…Five of the included studies examined the impact of prenatal alcohol exposure on motor skills (Donald et al, 2019 ; Faebo Larsen et al, 2013 ; Halliday et al, 2017 ; Hutchinson et al, 2019 ; Negrao et al, 2020 ). Four of the studies assessed motor skills during infancy using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (BSID-III; Bayley ( 2006 )), a validated tool for assessing development conducted by trained professionals.…”

“…This study conducted analyses on three outcome variables cognition (maternal age, maternal education, pre-pregnancy BMI, folate supplements in T1, folate supplements in T2/T3, household income), language (maternal age, ethnicity, maternal education, smoking in pregnancy, pre-pregnancy BMI, folate supplements in T2/T3), and motor (maternal education, parity, and household income) with the dropped variables shown in parentheses. Negrao et al ( 2020 ) utilised a directed acyclic graph to identify confounding variables, as a result prematurity and intrauterine growth restriction was not identified as a confound or included in analyses. Niclasen, Andersen, et al ( 2014 ) removed cumulated alcohol exposure from their analyses as it did not contribute significantly to the model.…”

“…Research of FASD in non-western countries difficult due to the lack of resources and FASD being largely unrecognised (Adnams, 2017 ), despite the estimated high prevalence of alcohol consumption during pregnancy (Popova et al, 2018 ). Two studies included in this review drew data from non-western countries, one from Brazil finding no association between PAE and cognition and inconsistent findings with motor skills (Negrao et al, 2020 ), another from South Africa found no association with motor skills or cognition (Donald et al, 2019 ), suggesting that research into PAE effects are in their infancy in non-western countries. Non-western counties are likely to experience different confounding variables due to different economic, social and cultural factors, such as the effects related to HIV or poverty in African countries (Adnams, 2017 ).…”

Being born and growing up in the Ribeirão Preto and São Luís cohorts

“…Five of them addressed predictors measured during pregnancy and assessed outcomes at the time of delivery: pre-gestational BMI and its association with newborn weight (7); uterine artery pulsatility index and other maternal attributes such as risk factors for the development of gestational hypertension (8); measurement of cervical length, genitourinary infection, bacterial vaginosis, and prematurity (9); effect of genetic variants on the occurrence of intrauterine growth restriction (10); and consumption of soft drinks at 20-25 weeks of gestation, metabolic profile, and arterial hypertension (11). The other studies evaluated the long-term effects on the generations born during the cohorts: determinants of early weaning at less than 3 months and between 4 and 5 months of age (12); the importance of maternal cigarette and alcohol consumption during pregnancy and cognitive developmental delays in children after the second year of life (13); determinants of delayed first dental visit (not visiting a dentist before the age of 7) (14); and cesarean birth and mood disorders in adolescence (15).…”