Transição da saúde e da doença no Brasil e nas Unidades Federadas durante os 30 anos do Sistema Único de Saúde

Abstract

The Unified Healthcare System (SUS) was created to ensure the population's right to universal, free and comprehensive healthcare. This study compares the health indicators measured in 1990 to those measured in 2015 in Brazil and its states. The goal is to contribute to understanding the role SUS played in changing the nation's health profile. Analyses use estimates in the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study for Brazil and its states, and compares 1990 and 2015. The main results are increased life expectancy, as well as an increase in the population's longevity measured in health-adjusted life expectancy. These in turn are due to a sharp decline in mortality due to transmissible diseases, in maternal and infant morbi-mortality, and avoidable causes of death. NTCDs are the leading cause of death, followed by violence. Poor diet is the leading risk factor, followed by metabolic issues. Tobacco use decreased over the period, as did infant malnutrition. In the thirty years since the SUS was created, health indicators in this country have improved, and major progress has been made to reduce inequality across the country's regions.

Assessment of premature mortality for noncommunicable diseases

“…In recent decades, there has been a process of epidemiological transition, with repercussions on world health (1) . Epidemiological transition is a broad process that changes the pattern of population morbidity and mortality and is usually accompanied by other demographic, socioeconomic, technological and nutritional processes (1) .…”

“…In recent decades, there has been a process of epidemiological transition, with repercussions on world health (1) . Epidemiological transition is a broad process that changes the pattern of population morbidity and mortality and is usually accompanied by other demographic, socioeconomic, technological and nutritional processes (1) . Moreover, mortality burden was reversed by infectious diseases that in the past accounted for high mortality rates, non-communicable diseases (NCDs), which are currently the leading causes of death and disability (1) .…”

“…In Brazil, epidemiological transition has shown that NCDs are one of the public health problems (1) . In 2011 they accounted for 800,118 (72.7%) of deaths.…”

Conceito de rede de atenção à saúde e suas características-chaves: uma revisão de escopo

“…3 In the Brazilian context, the health situation is marked by the triple burden of disease (chronic non-communicable diseases and their risk factors, external causes and the persistence of communicable diseases), allied with the accelerated aging of the population and a health system that, despite its achievements, has not been totally organized to face this scenario yet. 4,5 This situation constitutes a threat in the economic and health perspectives. The health systems must be reorganized to face challenges related to the efficiency and effectiveness of their actions by adopting efficacious strategies, to handle, mainly, chronic conditions.…”

Absenteísmo de usuários como fator de desperdício: desafio para sustentabilidade em sistema universal de saúde

“…So, service management needs to acknowledge in its planning the changes in the country's illness scenario in recent decades 25 . Thus, to qualify the management of services in 2008, the Ministry of Health (MS) created the National Health Regulatory Police 26 .…”