Access to prenatal care: inequalities in a region with high maternal mortality in southeastern Brazil

Abstract

access to prenatal care: inequalities in a region with high maternal mortality in southeastern BrazilAcesso ao pré-natal: desigualdades em região de alta mortalidade materna do sudeste brasileiro

A framework for explaining the role of values in health policy decision-making in Latin America: a critical interpretive synthesis

“…From the perspective of health economists, universality is closely related to financial protection, which leads to a focus on policy options that prioritize prepaid mechanisms such as tax revenue, contributions from social health insurance, and private health insurance in order to minimize out-of-pocket payments and prevent financial bankruptcy. In contrast, from the perspective of public health, universality is considered in relation to defining population-level priorities in health, and the package of effective interventions that is needed to comprehensively address those needs [ 41 ] Politics • The comparison of the goal against what it has achieved is an important factor in agenda setting ◦ When governments compare their indicators of what the goal has achieved with their national expectations or indicators from other countries, a bad result could be a catalyst for agenda-setting [ 28 , 47 ] Policy development and implementation Institutions • Policies that are aligned with health-system goals are more likely to be prioritized for implementation ◦ This situation is especially the case when governments have signed on to international commitments such as the MDG [ 16 , 54 – 56 ] Ideas • The perspective underlying the goals influence on what policy option is more likely to be chosen ◦ This determines how policies are developed and which policy options are more likely to pass [ 24 , 32 , 36 , 44 , 47 , 57 – 59 ] • Policy alternatives that address intermediate goals may be preferred because they are more feasible to achieve ◦ Given that core values are very broad and imply the satisfaction of multiple dimensions, policies that focus on specific intermediate values might be preferred in policy development [ 60 ] • Goals are used as indicators for evaluating the general performance of the health system ◦ Indicators of equity, quality, solidarity, and universality are the most common ways to evaluate the global performance of health systems, even for policies that do not explicitly pursue the achievement of those goals [ 37 ] • Intermediate values are used as surrogate outcomes of evaluation of the performance of the health system ◦ Intermediate values are commonly used as dimensions or criteria to evaluate core values like equity or universality [ 61 ] Technical values Agenda setting Problems • Technical values are used to frame problems regarding efficiency or financial sustainability ◦ Governments usually pay attention to problems that are framed in terms of inefficiency or menaces to the fiscal sustainability of t...…”

“…◦ Intermediate values are commonly used as dimensions or criteria to evaluate core values like equity or universality [ 61 ]…”

“…Goals are used as indicators for evaluating the general performance of the health system • Indicators of equity, quality, solidarity, and universality are the most common ways to evaluate the global performance of health systems, even for policies that do not explicitly pursue the achievement of those goals[37] • Intermediate values are used as surrogate outcomes of evaluation of the performance of the health system• Intermediate values are commonly used as dimensions or criteria to evaluate core values like equity or universality[61] Technical values are used to frame problems regarding efficiency or financial sustainability • Governments usually pay attention to problems that are framed in terms of inefficiency or menaces to the fiscal sustainability of the health systems[22-25, 28, 38, 62-64] • Technical values influence the government agenda when a problem puts the economic stability of a health system at risk • One example is the accumulation of judiciary actions in the Colombian health system[65] Technical values are used as indicators of policy effectiveness, efficiency, and financial sustainability…”

Family Income Mediates the Effect of Parental Education on Adolescents’ Hippocampus Activation During an N-Back Memory Task

“…These are particularly important because it might be easier to change income, in a short time period, than parental education. Thus, if income is the final solution, policymakers may be able to prevent social inequalities in adolescents’ brain development via implementing policies that raise the pay of low-income people [ 93 , 94 ].…”

Distribuição Espaço-Temporal Das Ocorrências Obstétricas Socorridas Pelo Serviço De Atendimento Móvel De Urgência / Space-Temporal Distribution of Obstetric Occurrences Reserved by the Mobile Emergency Servisse

“…Esse atendimento pré-hospitalar é uma importante ferramenta para reduzir a taxa de mortalidade oriunda da demora no acesso aos serviços e, para minimizar possíveis ocorrências de sequelas decorrentes do atendimento tardio(SILVA et al, 2018).Uma vez que o acesso aos serviços obstétricos deve ser avaliado de acordo com suas diferentes dimensões: disponibilidade, acessibilidade e aceitabilidade, tais aspectos impactam na qualidade e expectativa de vida da população. Em virtude da heterogeneidade em relação às distâncias, mulheres nas áreas rurais, por exemplo, precisam deslocar-se por grandes distâncias em comparação com as mulheres nas áreas urbanas para usufruírem do serviço(MARTINELLI, 2016). É nisso então, que reside a impotência de se conhecer a distribuição das ocorrências no geoespaço e também, a probabilidade de seu acontecimento nesses.Diante do exposto, o presente estudo teve por objetivo mapear as ocorrências obstétricas atendidas pelo SAMU 192 do município de Floriano, Estado do Piauí (PI) -Brasil, no período compreendido entre agosto de 2018 e julho de 2019, com vistas a contribuir no conhecimento geoespacial das ocorrências pelo serviço.…”