Modelo de Análise e Prevenção de Acidentes - MAPA: ferramenta para a vigilância em Saúde do trabalhador

Abstract

The analysis of work-related accidents is important for accident surveillance and prevention. Current methods of analysis seek to overcome reductionist views that see these occurrences as simple events explained by operator error. The objective of this paper is to analyze the Model of Analysis and Prevention of Accidents (MAPA) and its use in monitoring interventions, duly highlighting aspects experienced in the use of the tool. The descriptive analytical method was used, introducing the steps of the model. To illustrate contributions and or difficulties, cases where the tool was used in the context of service were selected. MAPA integrates theoretical approaches that have already been tried in studies of accidents by providing useful conceptual support from the data collection stage until conclusion and intervention stages. Besides revealing weaknesses of the traditional approach, it helps identify organizational determinants, such as management failings, system design and safety management involved in the accident. The main challenges lie in the grasp of concepts by users, in exploring organizational aspects upstream in the chain of decisions or at higher levels of the hierarchy, as well as the intervention to change the determinants of these events.

Acidentes de trabalho autorreferidos pela população adulta brasileira, segundo dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, 2013

“…Although it is not possible to compare this data due to the lack of previous studies, it is possible that with respect to the question regarding sequelae, the word sequela could have been understood not only as a physical disability, but also as emotional sequelae that do not necessarily result in hospitalization, including psychological sequelae such as post-traumatic stress disorder that have not been extensively studied in Brazil 21 . The PNS also highlights the severity of occupational accidents in Brazil, which can be confirmed by comparing work-related accident mortality rates according to the MPS 22 with data from the United States' comprehensive Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries 23 . There were 4,405 fatal work-related accidents in the United States in 2013, equivalent to a rate of 3.2 per 100,000 full-time workers, while in Brazil there were 2,797 fatal accidents, equivalent to a rate of 6.53 per 100,000 insured workers 22 .…”

“…Occupational accidents present a public health challenge that affects individuals, families, the community and the country's economy. It is therefore necessary to understand their causes and the circumstances under which they happen in order to promote their prevention 23 . The PNS is a fundamental tool for measuring the occurrence of occupational accidents across the entire working population, including informal groups, exploring sociodemographic and regional differences and raising public awareness and profile of these issues.…”

Uma Leitura Da Crise Da Atividade De Prevenção: Paradoxos Atuais E Desafios Futuros

“…A reflexão apresentada neste ensaio tem como referenciais teóricos a análise profunda da gestão de segurança (REASON, 1997;DANIELLOU et al, 2013;HOLLNAGEL, 2014;LLORY;MONTMAYEUL, 2014;ALMEIDA et al, 2014;LE COZE, 2015), a ergonomia da atividade (FALZON, 2007;GUÉRIN et al, 2004) e análise da atividade humana (ENGESTROM, 2014) como métodos para analisar os sistemas organizacionais, as atividades de trabalho e as suas principais contradições. Através destes caminhos, se pretende chegar às estratégias de prevenção que atinjam as causas subjacentes de eventos adversos da organização.…”

Safety illusion and error trap in a collectively-operated machine accident

“…In the same period, one of the collaborators in this project contributed with the development of the Model of Analysis and Prevention of Accidents -MAPA [3] adding some steps to the proposal adopted by the MTE, especially the notion of conceptual enlargement of analysis understood as an approach to the behaviors and aspects of the activity in question with the support of concepts from ergonomics, psy-chology (cognitive or labor), social sciences and others already used with success in the analyses of accidents in complex socio-technical systems.…”