Role of Different Hormones in the Pathogenesis and Severity of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Silva, Ricardo Teixeira e; Fernandes, Renan; Ono, Allan Hiroshi de Araujo; Marcon, Raphael Martus; Cristante, Alexandre Fogaça; Filho, Tarcísio Eloy Pessoa de Barros

doi:10.1590/1413-785220172501168600

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…However, the median time spent by the former (AIS patients) in physical activities was slightly less than that spent by the controls [5]. Other studies have shown that osteopenia observed in AIS patients is related to vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency [10,103,104]. Longitudinal and cross-sectional studies have also demonstrated that the 25(OH)D level positively correlated with BMD in healthy children and adolescents [105-108].…”

Section: Osteopenia and Vitamin Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Vitamin D in the Pathogenesis of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Ng¹,

Bettany‐Saltikov

Cheung³

et al. 2018

Asian Spine J

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Several theories have been proposed to explain the etiology of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) until present. However, limited data are available regarding the impact of vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency on scoliosis. Previous studies have shown that vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are prevalent in adolescents, including AIS patients. A series of studies conducted in Hong Kong have shown that as many as 30% of these patients have osteopenia. The 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 level has been found to positively correlate with bone mineral density (BMD) in healthy adolescents and negatively with Cobb angle in AIS patients; therefore, vitamin D deficiency is believed to play a role in AIS pathogenesis. This study attempts to review the relevant literature on AIS etiology to examine the association of vitamin D and various current theories. Our review suggested that vitamin D deficiency is associated with several current etiological theories of AIS. We postulate that vitamin D deficiency and/or insufficiency affects AIS development by its effect on the regulation of fibrosis, postural control, and BMD. Subclinical deficiency of vitamin K2, a fat-soluble vitamin, is also prevalent in adolescents; therefore, it is possible that the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is related to decreased fat intake. Further studies are required to elucidate the possible role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis and clinical management of AIS.

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Section: Osteopenia and Vitamin Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Vitamin D in the Pathogenesis of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Ng¹,

Bettany‐Saltikov

Cheung³

et al. 2018

Asian Spine J

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“…Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) manifests as a three-dimensional (3D) deformity of the spinal column that occurs around puberty. Several factors such as genetics 1,2 , biomechanics 3 , morphology of the vertebral bones, intervertebral disc, and muscle physiology 4–9 , hormones 10,11 , environmental factors 12,13 , and neural system deficiencies 14,15 are considered as the underlying cause of the spinal deformity in AIS. While each of these factors explained part of the pathogenesis of this disease, none have proved to be its main or primary cause.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Deformation Patterns of S Shaped Elastic Rods as a Pathogenesis Model for Spinal Deformity in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Pasha

2019

Sci Rep

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Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a three-dimensional (3D) deformity of the spinal column in pediatric population. The primary cause of scoliosis remains unknown. The lack of such understanding has hampered development of effective preventive methods for management of this disease. A long-held assumption in pathogenesis of AIS is that the upright spine in human plays an important role in induction of scoliosis. Here, the variations in the sagittal curve of the scoliotic and non-scoliotic pediatric spines were used to study whether specific sagittal curves, under physiological loadings, are prone to 3D deformation leading to scoliosis. To this end, finite element models of the S shaped elastic rods, which their curves were derived from the radiographs of 129 sagittal spinal curves of adolescents with and without scoliosis, were generated. Using the mechanics of deformation in elastic rods, this study showed that the 3D deformation patterns of the two-dimensional S shaped slender elastic rods mimics the 3D patterns of the spinal deformity in AIS patients with the same S shaped sagittal spinal curve. On the other hand, the rods representing the non-scoliotic sagittal spinal curves, under the same mechanical loading, did not twist thus did not lead to a 3D deformation. This study provided strong evidence that the shape of the sagittal profile in individuals can be a leading cause of the 3D spinal deformity as is observed in the AIS population.

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“…As an example, we reviewed all known papers reporting 25(OH)D in patients with AIS (n=5) (3,4,5,6,7). Only two papers indicated the race/ethnic distributions in the cohort.…”

Section: Categories Of Pitfallsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pitfalls with Vitamin D Research in Musculoskeletal Disorders and Recommendations on How to Avoid Them

Kiebzak¹,

Neal

Hosseinzadeh

et al. 2019

Jcrpe

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Reports suggesting that vitamin D may have extraskeletal roles have renewed interest in vitamin D research and stimulated publication of an increasing number of new studies each year. These studies typically assess vitamin D status by measuring the blood concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], the principal circulating metabolite of vitamin D. Unfortunately, variations in assay format, inconsistency in interpreting 25(OH)D concentrations, cohort bias (age, body mass index, race, season of measurements etc.) and failure to measure critical variables needed to interpret study results, makes interpreting results and comparing studies difficult. Further, variation in reporting results (reporting mean values vs. percent of the cohort that is deficient, no clear statement as to clinical relevance of effect size, etc.) further limits interstudy analyses. In this paper, we discuss many common pitfalls in vitamin D research. We also provide recommendations on avoiding these pitfalls and suggest guidelines to enhance consistency in reporting results.

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Role of Different Hormones in the Pathogenesis and Severity of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Cited by 14 publications

References 14 publications

The Role of Vitamin D in the Pathogenesis of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

The Role of Vitamin D in the Pathogenesis of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

3D Deformation Patterns of S Shaped Elastic Rods as a Pathogenesis Model for Spinal Deformity in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Pitfalls with Vitamin D Research in Musculoskeletal Disorders and Recommendations on How to Avoid Them

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