“…For example, a study carried out in New Zealand reported that 18% of dentists had no undergraduate ME training (Broadbent & Thomson, 2001), and approximately 25% of two different cohorts in India reported no ME training (Abraham & Afradh, 2016;Varma, Pratap, Padma, Kalyan, & Vineela, 2015). However even for those dental practitioners who have received training about MEs or BLS, many do not feel confident or competent to deliver these skills effectively (Stafuzza et al, 2014;Varma et al, 2015). Moreover, basic and advanced life support skills have been shown to deteriorate after only 6 months post skill acquisition (Cooper, Johnston, & Priscott, 2007;Yang et al, 2012), highlighting the importance of ongoing, recurrent training or refresher courses, both at undergraduate and postgraduate levels.…”