Meta-analysis of individual and combined effects of mycotoxins on growing pigs

Andretta, Inés; Kipper, Marcos; Hauschild, Luciano; Lehnen, Cheila Roberta; Remus, Aline; Melchior, Raquel

doi:10.1590/0103-9016-2015-0132

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Considering this information and the overall reduction in growth, 90 and 74% of the decrease in body weight gain was directly related to the decrease of feed intake in animals up to 21 and after 21 d of age, respectively. Similar interpretation was already used in previous studies to evaluate the effect of health challenge on animal performance ( Pastorelli et al., 2012 ; Andretta et al., 2016 ). The assessment has an interpretation that could be compared to the experimental protocols with paired feed intake, however, with a larger number of observations and using data collected in more realistic situations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…For the second approach, the responses to heat stress treatments were relativized (≠WG; ≠FI) to the respective control and expressed as a percentage of difference between results. This procedure was adopted as there was a considerable reduction in the effects of difference among experiments in the database ( Pastorelli et al., 2012 ; Andretta et al., 2016 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling the performance of broilers under heat stress

Andretta

Kipper²,

Schirmann

et al. 2021

Poultry Science

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A meta-analysis was developed to model performance depression in heat stress (HS) , to analyze the influence of HS type (cyclic or constant), and to assess the correlation between dietary electrolyte balance (DEB) and HS in broilers. Two databases (Dat) with performance and temperature were constructed (initial phase – up to 21 d of age – 14 articles, 7,667 animals, average replicate number treatment-ARN/T, 5 and growing phase – over 21 d of age – 74 articles and 25,145 broilers, ARN/T, 7). The criteria for article selection were (1) experiments using at least 2 temperatures (thermoneutral and high temperature); (2) results of ADFI and ADG; (3) feed and water ad libitum during the experiment. Each treatment was classified as cyclic or constant HS and the HS group response was calculated relative to the thermoneutral group. Performance was evaluated as raw data or as relativized information (indicated as “HS effect or ≠”), expressed as a percentage of the difference between results. The models to predict “HS effect” showed that for the initial phase, only ADG was influenced by HS, while for the grower phase, prediction equations were created for ADFI and ADG. Considering the simplest models, there was a reduction of 1.4% in ADFI and 2.1% in ADG for each unit (°C) above the upper critical temperature for broilers older than 21 d. Feed conversion (FC) was not affected by HS in any of the studied phases. Constant HS proved to be more negative than cyclic HS to broiler performance after 21 d of age. The relation between DEB and performance of broilers under HS was analyzed considering broilers over 21 d of age, and very weak correlations were observed. It was concluded that HS affects broilers over 21 d more, although FC is not affected. ADFI is the most important variable affected by HS and the relation between the DEB of the diet and HS is very weak. The empirical models generated in this study accurately predicted ADG and ADFI of broilers exposed to HS and can be used to minimize those effects on poultry production.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the performance of broilers under heat stress

Andretta

Kipper²,

Schirmann

et al. 2021

Poultry Science

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“…1986; Trenholm et al, 1994;Andretta et al, 2016;Guerre, 2016;Alassane-Kpembi et al, 2017b). In the current experiment, the analyzed DON and zearalenone (ZEN) content in the control diet was 0.14 and 0.10 mg/kg feed which is lower than the guideline levels based on EU Commission Recommendation 2006/576/EC (2006) of 0.90 and 0.25 mg/kg feed, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An acute challenge with a deoxynivalenol-contaminated diet has short- and long-term effects on performance and feeding behavior in finishing pigs1

Serviento

Brossard

Renaudeau

2018

Journal of Animal Science

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Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by various fungi and are known to contaminate animal feed ingredients especially cereals. One of the most common mycotoxins in swine diets is deoxynivalenol (DON) which is known to decrease growth performance. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of single or repeated shortterm DON challenges on growth performance, and feeding behavior in finishing pigs. A total of 160 pigs were distributed to four experimental groups in two successive replicates with each pig individually measured for live BW and individually fed using an electronic feeding station. The pigs in control group CC were fed with a standard finisher diet during the whole duration of the experimental period. Groups DC, CD, and DD were given the DON-contaminated diet (3.02 mg DON/kg feed) for 7 d at 113 d, at 134 d, and at 113 and 134 d of age, respectively. The DON-contaminated diet was formulated with a naturally contaminated corn. During challenge periods, ADFI was decreased by 26% to 32% (P < 0.05) and ADG by 40% to 60% (P < 0.05). The drop in ADFI during DON challenges was associated with changes in the feeding behavior: when compared to the nonchallenged pigs, pigs fed with DON-contaminated diet had lower number of meals per day (9.6 versus 8.2 meals per day on average; P < 0.05) and slower feeding rate (42.0 g/min versus 39.9 g/min on average; P < 0.05). For the whole trial period, pigs submitted to the DON challenge at the end of the experiment (i.e., first time for CD group and second time for DD group) had a lower (P < 0.05) ADFI (2.67 and 2.59 kg/d, respectively) when compared to the control CC group of pigs (2.87 kg/d). An intermediate value was reported for the DC groups (2.79 kg/d). All challenged groups, i.e., DC, CD, and DD pigs, had lower (P < 0.05) overall ADG (970, 940, and 900 g/day, respectively) than CC (1,050 g/day) for the whole trial period. Pigs challenged early in the trial, i.e., DC and DD groups, had a higher (P < 0.05) FCR than CC group (3.00 and 3.06 versus 2.80, respectively) while group CD showed intermediate results (2.92). This study demonstrates that the severity of DON toxicity in pig performance can be related to the age of exposure (113 or 134 d) and the number of exposures to the toxin (one or two). Exposure to DON also resulted to longterm effects because challenged pigs showed limited ability to recover after the DON-induced reduction of feed intake.

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“…Our results were in good agreement with a previous study that also suggested that this mixture increased mortality depending on dose, and caused tail deformities (curvature of body axis) and yolk edema [ 62 ]. Additionally, studies have reported the toxicological effects of AFB1+ZEN mixtures in domestic animals such as feed refusal, decreased weight gain, and reduction in egg production in pig, goat, and laying hens [ 63 , 64 , 65 ]. Other studies have reported in vitro toxicological effects of mixture, where the combined effects were increased cytotoxicity in BRL 3A rat liver cells and PK15 cell line [ 66 , 67 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Multimycotoxin-Degrading Efficiency of Rhodococcus erythropolis NI1 Strain with the Three-Step Zebrafish Microinjection Method

Garai

Risa

Varga

et al. 2021

IJMS

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The multimycotoxin-degrading efficiency of the Rhodococcus erythropolis NI1 strain was investigated with a previously developed three-step method. NI1 bacterial metabolites, single and combined mycotoxins and their NI1 degradation products, were injected into one cell stage zebrafish embryos in the same doses. Toxic and interaction effects were supplemented with UHPLC-MS/MS measurement of toxin concentrations. Results showed that the NI1 strain was able to degrade mycotoxins and their mixtures in different proportions, where a higher ratio of mycotoxins were reduced in combination than single ones. The NI1 strain reduced the toxic effects of mycotoxins and mixtures, except for the AFB1+T-2 mixture. Degradation products of the AFB1+T-2 mixture by the NI1 strain were more toxic than the initial AFB1+T-2 mixture, while the analytical results showed very high degradation, which means that the NI1 strain degraded this mixture to toxic degradation products. The NI1 strain was able to detoxify the AFB1, ZEN, T-2 toxins and mixtures (except for AFB1+T-2 mixture) during the degradation experiments, which means that the NI1 strain degraded these to non-toxic degradation products. The results demonstrate that single exposures of mycotoxins were very toxic. The combined exposure of mycotoxins had synergistic effects, except for ZEN+T-2 and AFB1+ZEN +T-2, whose mixtures had very strong antagonistic effects.

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Meta-analysis of individual and combined effects of mycotoxins on growing pigs

Cited by 15 publications

References 14 publications

Modeling the performance of broilers under heat stress

Modeling the performance of broilers under heat stress

An acute challenge with a deoxynivalenol-contaminated diet has short- and long-term effects on performance and feeding behavior in finishing pigs1

Evaluation of the Multimycotoxin-Degrading Efficiency of Rhodococcus erythropolis NI1 Strain with the Three-Step Zebrafish Microinjection Method

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