Abstract:We evaluated the influence of temperature on the ability of Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) to form biofilms on stainless steel, polyethylene, and polyurethane surfaces under different hygiene procedures. These materials were placed on SE culture and incubated at 42±1 ºC, 36±1 ºC, 25±1 ºC, 9±1 ºC, and 3±1 ºC for 4, 8, 12, and 24 h. Hot water at 45 ºC and 85 ºC, 0.5% peracetic acid solution, and 1% quaternary ammonia were used for hygienization. Biofilm formation occurred at all temperatures evaluated, highlighting… Show more
“…Blockley on food contact surfaces ( Dhowlaghar et al, 2018 ). Salmonella Enteritidis is known to form biofilm on different food industry surfaces at low temperatures ( Webber et al, 2019 ). Figure 2 Representative FE-SEM images of biofilms on food and food contact surfaces.…”
The presence of
Salmonella
serotypes is a major safety concern of the food industry and poultry farmers. This study aimed to isolate and identify
Salmonella
spp. from a chicken processing facility by PCR and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (
PFGE
). In addition, the biofilm-forming abilities of the isolated bacteria on stainless steel, silicone rubber, plastic, and chicken skin were also investigated. PCR was used for the confirmation of
Salmonella
serotypes, and then gene similarity within the same serotype was analyzed by PFGE. As a result, 26
S
. Enteritidis isolates were detected at a high rate from both food contact surfaces and chicken products during processing. All of them were 100% genetically identical to the same bacteria. The results indicated that the virulence factors and effective biofilm-forming ability of
S
. Enteritidis isolates could affect human health and economic revenue. It was also suggested that the visual observation of food and food contact surfaces could be a great concern in the future. The continuous monitoring of
S
. Enteritidis molecular and biofilm characteristics is needed to increase food safety.
“…Blockley on food contact surfaces ( Dhowlaghar et al, 2018 ). Salmonella Enteritidis is known to form biofilm on different food industry surfaces at low temperatures ( Webber et al, 2019 ). Figure 2 Representative FE-SEM images of biofilms on food and food contact surfaces.…”
The presence of
Salmonella
serotypes is a major safety concern of the food industry and poultry farmers. This study aimed to isolate and identify
Salmonella
spp. from a chicken processing facility by PCR and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (
PFGE
). In addition, the biofilm-forming abilities of the isolated bacteria on stainless steel, silicone rubber, plastic, and chicken skin were also investigated. PCR was used for the confirmation of
Salmonella
serotypes, and then gene similarity within the same serotype was analyzed by PFGE. As a result, 26
S
. Enteritidis isolates were detected at a high rate from both food contact surfaces and chicken products during processing. All of them were 100% genetically identical to the same bacteria. The results indicated that the virulence factors and effective biofilm-forming ability of
S
. Enteritidis isolates could affect human health and economic revenue. It was also suggested that the visual observation of food and food contact surfaces could be a great concern in the future. The continuous monitoring of
S
. Enteritidis molecular and biofilm characteristics is needed to increase food safety.
“…Only Bifidobacterium animalis and Lactobacillus plantarum demonstrated action against Listeria monocytogenes in the agar diffusion assays and were selected for inhibition and competition assays [35]. To evaluate the inhibition of Listeria on the polystyrene surface, 100 μL of the suspension of LABs was incubated individually at 30°C and 37°C for 48 h. After 24 h, 200 μL of LABs were added individually, and after 48 h, 100 μL of Listeria cultures.…”
Background: Listeria monocytogenes is a pathogenic bacterium that can contaminate food and cause public health problems due its ability to form biofilms and resistance to sanitizers, it is responsible for sanitary and economic losses in food producing establishments. The difficulties in controlling biofilms and increasing resistance to traditional antibacterial agents is motivating studies of alternative potential biological agents for the control of pathogenic biofilms, among which lactic acid bacteria (LABs) are included. The objective of this work was to evaluate the activity of LABs against Listeria monocytogenes biofilm formation on polystyrene plates, a surface commonly used in the food industry.Materials, Methods & Results: Lyophilized commercial strains of Bifidobacterium animalis, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus salivaris and Lactobacillus acidophilus were used. The strain of Listeria monocytogenes (L4) was isolated from polystyrene mats from a poultry slaughterhouse cutting room and demonstrated the ability to attach to microplates and resistance to sanitizers (sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide) at all times, temperatures and tested surfaces. The antimicrobial activity of LABs was evaluated by the agar diffusion method. The LABs that presented action on Listeria monocytogenes were selected for the inhibition and/or removal of biofilms in microplates, and all experiments were carried out in triplicate. Only Bifidobacterium animalis and Lactobacillus plantarum demonstrated action against Listeria. monocytogenes in the agar diffusion assays and were selected for inhibition and competition assays. Furthermore, competition of LABs against Listeria monocytogenes adhesion was evaluated. There was no significant difference between LABs and Listeria monocytogenes, alone or in combination, at temperatures of 30ºC and 37ºC in the Listeria monocytogenes inhibition assays on polystyrene surface. The lactic acid bacteria evaluated did not demonstrate inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes adhesin testes with optical density visualization, however, it was possible to identify a reduction in Listeria monocytogenes counts with the application of Bifidobacterium animals and Lactobacillus plantarum in the testes of competition against biofilm formation. In competition tests Bifidobacterium animalis and Lactobacillus plantarum have an injunction in Listeria monocytogenes, indicating that these lactic acid bacteria can retard Listeria biofilm formation on polystyrene surfaces and thus help control the pathogen in the food industry.Discussion: A potential mechanism to control biofilm adhesion and formation of pathogens for nutrients and fixation on surfaces, multiplication factors and surfaces are a challenge in controlling biofilms of pathogenic microorganisms, alternative measures to traditional methods for inactivating pathogens and biofilm formers bacteria are necessary. In this sense, lactic acid bacteria generate high levels of bacteriocin and are effective in inhibiting the biofilm of pathogenic bacteria, however, our study did not reveal this. We verified that Bifidobacterium animalis and Lactobacillus plantarum have an inhibitory action on Listeria monocytogenes, indicating that these lactic acid bacteria can be used to delay the formation of biofilms by Listeria on polystyrene surfaces, helping to control this pathogen in food industry.Keywords: control of biofilm, pathogenic bacteria, food industry, polystyrene surface, FTDs.
“…Enfatiza-se a adesão de S. Enteritidis na temperatura de 3ºC nas superfícies de aço inoxidável, polietileno e poliuretano, descrita anteriormente como possível para crescimento de Salmonella spp. [26]. Fato este preocupante, uma vez que as temperaturas de refrigeração atuam na conservação dos alimentos inibindo o crescimento microbiano.…”
Section: Efeito Das Temperaturas Na Adesão De Salmonella Enteritidisunclassified
“…Entre os tratamentos testados o ácido peracético 0,5% se mostrou o melhor na remoção dos biofilmes nas três superfícies, em todas as temperaturas e tempos de adesão, seguido pela ação da amônia quaternária a 1%, da água estéril aquecida a 85ºC e da água estéril aquecida a 45ºC, conforme a Tabela 4. Nossos resultados corroboram ao relatado por Webber et al (2019) [26], que obteve melhor redução de biofilmes em S. Enteritidis, de origem avícola, em diferentes superfícies com o uso do ácido peracético. Na Diretiva 471/2001 da UE, no teste de superfícies, o nível aceitável é até no máximo 10 UFC.cm -2 (1,5 log10UFC.cm -2 ) de microrganismos mesófilos e 1 UFC.cm -2 (0,15 log10UFC.cm -2 ) de enterobactérias.…”
Salmonella Enteritidis é capaz de formar biofilmes no ambiente de processamento de alimentos podendo levar a surtos de doenças transmitidas por alimentos. Neste trabalho, avaliou-se a capacidade da S. Enteritidis formar biofilme em corpos de prova de aço inoxidável, polietileno e poliuretano a 3±1ºC, 9±1ºC, 25±1ºC, 36±1ºC e 42±1ºC, após 0, 4, 8, 12 e 24 horas de incubação. Foram realizados testes com o uso de água a 45°C e a 85°C, e com soluções de ácido peracético e amônia quaternária para remoção dos biofilmes. Ambas as cepas aderiram no aço inoxidável, no polietileno e no poliuretano, e em todas as temperaturas de exposição, inclusive a 3ºC e 9ºC. O ácido peracético revelou-se o melhor tratamento na remoção dos biofilmes. De maneira geral, os resultados demonstraram que esses materiais, utilizados na indústria de alimentos, propiciaram a aderência das S. Enteritidis nas diferentes condições ambientais. Os resultados são importantes para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de controle de biofilmes na indústria, já que a presença desse microrganismo aderido pode comprometer a qualidade do alimento processado e consequentemente ter impacto na saúde pública.
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