2018
DOI: 10.1590/0103-8478cr20180336
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Abstract: Previous studies have evaluated the effects of different reproductive procedures on discomfort markers in sheep and cattle. Such studies may help stimulate the adoption of techniques that are more beneficial for animal welfare. However, markers that are commonly used to evaluate discomfort are highly influenced by external factors. To overcome this, several systemic markers can be evaluated to more precisely identify stress, pain, and inflammation. Such markers include cortisol, acute phase proteins, bradykini… Show more

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Cited by 3 publications
(3 citation statements)
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References 63 publications
(66 reference statements)
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“…Mastitis is a common problem in cattle and sheep herds, representing a significant welfare and financial issue in farming [ 16 ]. This is particularly true in the case of subclinical mastitis which is still hard to promptly diagnose [ 58 , 59 ].…”
Section: Saa In Ruminants Reproductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Mastitis is a common problem in cattle and sheep herds, representing a significant welfare and financial issue in farming [ 16 ]. This is particularly true in the case of subclinical mastitis which is still hard to promptly diagnose [ 58 , 59 ].…”
Section: Saa In Ruminants Reproductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, these outcome measures require specific equipment and training and are not readily available in practice nor they evaluate the affective and emotional aspects of pain. Surrogate measures of pain might also include animal production outcomes, physiological parameters, and biomarkers [19][20][21]; yet these are also not necessarily specific to pain. For these reasons, in practice, pain assessment relies on the evaluation of pain-related behaviors (including facial expressions) using pain scoring instruments (i.e.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, these outcome measures require specific equipment and training and are not readily available in practice. Surrogate measures of pain might also include animal production outcomes, physiological parameters, and biomarkers [19][20][21]; yet these are not necessarily specific to pain. For these reasons, in practice, pain assessment relies on the evaluation of behaviors that could be associated with pain (including facial expressions) using scoring instruments (i.e.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%