2018
DOI: 10.1590/0103-8478cr20170904
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Abstract: Morphology and physiology of bird eyes are similar to mammals; although, there are peculiarities that should be considered for a correct interpretation of an ophthalmic examination. While the ophthalmology of domestic species is already well established, there are gaps to be filled regarding birds, particularly due to the large number of existing species. This literature review consists of a brief contribution regarding peculiarities of anatomy, physiology, and ophthalmic semiotechnique of the avian eye.

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Cited by 7 publications
(6 citation statements)
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“…The present study is the first to describe the characteristics of the common pauraque (Nyctidromus albicollis) cornea. Light microscopic evaluation showed similarities to most avian species previously studied, it is formed predominantly by collagen tissue, and composed of five layers from outside to inside: epithelium, Bowman's layer, stroma, Descemet's membrane and endothelium (Bayón et al, 2008;Collin & Collin, 2021;de Carvalho et al, 2018;Kafarnik et al, 2007;Pinto et al, 2016;Sokolenko et al, 2021;Werther et al, 2017).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 70%
“…The present study is the first to describe the characteristics of the common pauraque (Nyctidromus albicollis) cornea. Light microscopic evaluation showed similarities to most avian species previously studied, it is formed predominantly by collagen tissue, and composed of five layers from outside to inside: epithelium, Bowman's layer, stroma, Descemet's membrane and endothelium (Bayón et al, 2008;Collin & Collin, 2021;de Carvalho et al, 2018;Kafarnik et al, 2007;Pinto et al, 2016;Sokolenko et al, 2021;Werther et al, 2017).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 70%
“…The scleral ring is usually thought to help maintain the aspheric shape of the globe, which is convex inwards at this point. Other functions may include protection, resistance to compression or deformation, and a point of attachment for both intrinsic and extrinsic ocular musculature [ 2 , 35 , 45 , 46 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 ]. Additionally, and unique among vertebrates to some birds, is the os opticum, which surrounds the scleral opening through which the optic nerve passes; its presence in penguins is variable as is the presence of other, smaller sesamoid bones [ 35 , 65 ].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…According to Hall, 25 the orbital diameter and head length exhibit negative allometry, in other words, orbit growth rate is smaller than head growth rate. Morphobiometric characteristics of the orbit have been described in some wild species 26 and the definition of orbital parameters is useful for ophthalmology because orbital diseases can occur when exophthalmometric values are not in the normal range 27,28 ‐ such as fibropapillomatosis, a disease that has been observed across all species of sea turtles (especially juvenile green sea turtles) and which can negatively impact the structural effectiveness of the orbit and eye 29,30 …”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%