Anesthesia and sedation of map treefrog (Hypsiboas geographicus) tadpoles with essential oils

Abstract

The goal of this study was to investigate the sedative and anesthetic properties of essential oils (EOs) in map treefrog tadpoles (Hypsiboas geographicus) and to determine the sedation and deep anesthesia induction times as well as the recovery time. The tadpoles were exposed to one of the EOs from three plant species: Aniba rosaeodora (EOAR - 25, 50, 100 or 200µL L-1), Lippia origanoides (EOLO - 13, 25, 50, 100 or 200µL L-1), and Lippia alba (either chemotype citral [EOL-C - 25, 50, 100 or 200µL L-1] or linalool [EOL-L - 50, 75, 100 or 200µL L-1]) (n = 8 per replicate). The tadpoles exposed to 25 and 50µL L-1 EOL-C and EOL-L, respectively, were not anesthetized within 30min (the maximum time of observation), and those exposed to 200µL L-1 EOLO did not recover within 30min. Sedation, deep anesthesia and recovery times showed a concentration-dependent relationship for all EOs tested, with the exception of the recovery with EOLO. The results allowed concluding that all investigated EOs can be used to anesthetize tadpoles of H. geographicus, but the use of EOLO must not exceed 100µL L-1.

Essential oils biological activity of the Lippia alba (Verbenaceae) shrub

“…& Viana, 2012;Junior et al, 2018), and antiinflammatory effects (Sepúlveda-Arias, Veloza, Escobar, Orozco, & Lopera, 2013). On contact with the skin, they are not irritating nor alter the histopathology (Neira et al, 2018), and are sleep enhancers (Fauth et al, 2002), anesthetic, and sedative (Salbego et al, 2017a). They also have antioxidant activity, although in this property the collection site is quite determining, given that chemotype I was a good antioxidant, while other chemotype III specimens had moderate and absent effect (Stashenko, Jaramillo, & Martínez, 2004;Olivero-Verbel, González-Cervera et al, 2010).…”

“…In addition, the agroindustrial sector has focused on the use of L. Alba EO to control efficiently parasites that affect vegetable production (Moreira et al, 2009), improve grain conservation (Caballero-Gallardo et al, 2011;Peixoto et al, 2015a;Shukla, Kumar, Singh, & Dubey, 2009), improve the quality of products derived from livestock (Peixoto et al, 2015b;Lima et al, 2016;Chagas et al, 2016), as well as diminish damage during transport of ornamental aquatic species, like Hippocampus reidi (Cunha et al, 2011); anesthetics for model organisms, like Hypsiboas geographicus (Salbego et al, 2017a); sedatives, anesthetics, and preservatives in hedgehogs (Simões et al, 2017) and shrimp (Parodi et al, 2012), and fish of economic importance (Sena et al, 2016;Hohlenwerger et al, 2017;Cunha et al, 2010).…”

“…Chemotype I has more reports on the biological effect; however, it must be considered that the cell and molecular characteristics of each microorganism or organism also interfere with the EO spectrum, given that on Tribolium castaneum and Sitophilus zeamais parasites, chemotype III was more effective than chemotype I (Peixoton et al, 2015a), but on Candida krusei and Aspergillus fumigatus, chemotype I was more effective (Mesa-Arango, et al, 2009). Additionally, chemotype I had anesthetic effect on Hypsiboas geographicus (Salbego et al, 2017a), but not on Neohelice granulata (Souza et al, 2018), and chemotype III was anti-inflammatory in the RAW 264.7 murine cell line (Sepúlveda-Arias et al, 2013), but this effect was not registered on Oreochromis niloticus (Rodrigues- Soares et al, 2018).…”

In vitro and in vivo antiparasitic action of essential oils of Lippia spp. in Koi Carp (Cyprinus carpio) fed supplemented diets

“…Carvone ranged from 54.5 to 61.7% and limonene from 17.5 to 23.1%, similar to previous results (39,76). Isolated carvone has antifungal, antimicrobial, anti-quorum sensing, insecticidal and insect-repellent properties (66,11,67).…”