Anatomo-pathological aspects of parasitism by nematodes of the superfamily Metastrongyloidea in wild crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) in Midwestern Brazil

Abstract

Nematodes of the superfamily Metastrongyloidea affect the respiratory, cardiovascular, and nervous systems of domestic carnivores and are uncommonly detected in wild animals. This report describes the lesions associated with pulmonary parasitism by nematodes of the superfamily Metastrongyloidea in a wild crab-eating fox ( Cerdocyon thous ) in the Federal District, Brazil. Grossly, there was pulmonary hyperemia, edema, and emphysema. Microscopically, there was granulomatous arteritis associated with intravascular metastrongylid. The anatomical location, characteristic lesion, and histological features of the parasite suggested that the nematode involved in this case is Angiostrongylus vasorum . This worm is frequently reported parasitizing pulmonary arteries of domestic canids but is uncommonly described in wild canids in Midwestern Brazil.

Morphological and molecular diagnosis of diseases of free-ranging crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous)

“…In São Paulo, Angiostrongylus sp. was diagnosed by histopathology (Ferreira Júnior et al, 2017). These studies further support the interpretation that Angiostrongylus sp.…”

Angiostrongylosis in Cerdocyon thous (crab-eating fox) and Lycalopex gymnocercus (Pampas fox) in Southern Brazil

“…in Southern Brazil. In Brazil, A. vasorum infection in wild canids has been reported in Lycalopex vetulus in the State of Minas Gerais (Lima et al ., 1994), as well as C. thous in the States of Rio de Janeiro (Travassos, 1927), Minas Gerais (Duarte et al ., 2007; Vieira et al ., 2017) and the Federal District (Ferreira-Júnior et al ., 2017). Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection in C. thous or in L. gymnocercus had never been reported.…”

“…For instance, A. cantonensis has been diagnosed through histopathological evaluation in the North American opossum ( Didelphis virginiana ), grey-headed flying fox ( Pteropus poliocephalus ), black-and-white ruffed lemur ( Varecia variegata ) and in the miniature horse ( Equus ferus caballus ) (Reddacliff et al ., 1999; Costa et al ., 2000; Kim et al ., 2002); as well as through ELISA and Western blot in domestic dogs ( Canis lupus familiaris ) (Lunn et al ., 2012). Additionally, A. vasorum has been diagnosed through coproparasitological analysis in domestic cats ( Felis domesticus ) and in the European badger ( Meles meles ) (Kamenov et al ., 1999; Torres et al ., 2004), through electron microscopy in the wolf ( C. lupus ) and in the crab-eating fox ( Cerdocyon thous ) (Segovia et al ., 2001; Duarte et al ., 2007; Vieira et al ., 2017); as well as through histopathology in the wolf ( C. lupus ), mustelids ( Mustela erminea , Mustela nivalis , Mustela putorius ), domestic dog ( C. lupus familiaris ), red fox ( Vulpes vulpes ) and in the crab-eating fox ( C. thous ) (Denk et al ., 2009; Eleni et al ., 2014; Santoro et al ., 2015; Simpson et al ., 2016; Ferreira-Júnior et al ., 2017). Furthermore, the wide variety of definitive and accidental hosts are considered a risk to people who live in areas where such species are affected (Ma et al ., 2013).…”

Angiostrongylus vasorum and Aelurostrongylus abstrusus: Neglected and underestimated parasites in South America

“…Dusicyon ) vetulus Minas Gerais, Brazil 4/8 Lima et al, 1994 [ 12 ] Lycalopex gymnocercus Bolivian Chaco 1/10 Fiorello et al, 2006 [ 82 ] Cerdocyon thous Minas Gerais, Brazil 3/6 Duarte et al, 2007. [ 57 ] Nasua nasua Paraná, Brazil 1 Vieira et al, 2008 [ 52 ] Eira barbara Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil 1 Vieira et al, 2008 [ 52 ] Cerdocyon thous Pereira, Colombia 1 Varela-Arias et al, 2014 [ 59 ] Cerdocyon thous Federal District, Midwestern Brazil 1 Ferreira-Júnior et al, 2017 [ 142 ] Cerdocyon thous Minas Gerais, Brazil 2 Viera et al, 2017 [ 143 ] Abbreviation : na, not applicable …”