“…Analogously to the original concept of lean manufacturing, lean service seeks to systematically reduce waste and improve quality throughout the whole value stream of service organizations (Suarez-Barraza et al, 2012;Hadid and Mansouri, 2014). Evidence of lean implementation in services is prolific, with organizational contexts that vary from restaurants (Keyser et al, 2017;Alles et al, 2018) and educational institutions (Balzer et al, 2015;Allaoui and Benmoussa, 2020) to hospitals (Waring and Bishop, 2010;Borges et al, 2020) and banks (Oppenheim and Felbur, 2014;Bakri, 2019). In general, those authors conclude that lean services implementation positively impacts organizations' performance, enabling more flexible and effective operations oriented to customers' needs.…”