Salivary nitrite and systemic biomarkers in obese individuals with periodontitis submitted to FMD

Abstract

The objective of this 9-month clinical study is to assess the impact of one-stage full-mouth disinfection (FMD) on salivary nitrite levels and systemic biomarkers and its correlation with total subgingival bacterial load in obese and non-obese patients with periodontitis. In total, 94 patients (55 obese and 39 non-obese) were initially evaluated, seven were lost during follow-up, resulting in 87 individuals at the end of the study. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, 3, 6, and 9 months post periodontal treatment by FMD. Salivary nitrite levels were determined using Griess reagent. Blood samples were collected to determine C-Reactive Protein (CRP), alkaline phosphatase and fasting blood glucose. Real-time PCR was used to determine the total subgingival bacterial load. FMD protocol resulted in increased salivary nitrite levels at 6- and 9-months post-treatment in the non-obese group (p<0.05). In obese individuals, FMD treatment led to an increase in salivary nitrite levels at 6 months (p<0.05); however, at 9 months, the nitrite levels returned to baseline levels. For both groups, the highest nitrite values were observed at 6 months. In addition, in both groups, FMD was associated with a decrease in biomarkers related to systemic inflammation and cardiovascular diseases, such as CRP (p<0.05) and alkaline phosphatase (p<0.05), and had no impact on the fasting blood glucose. This study demonstrates that obese patients with periodontitis present similar salivary nitrite levels when compared with non-obese individuals. FMD protocol resulted in increases in salivary nitrite levels and was associated with a positive impact on systemic biomarkers, regardless of obesity status.

Combined assessment of Lysine and N-acetyl cadaverine levels assist as a potential biomarker of the smoker periodontitis

“…Periodontal disorders are a group of chronic in ammatory condition of the tooth's supporting structures that results in attachment and bone loss, characterized by gingival in ammation, clinical attachment loss, periodontal pockets, gingival recession, alveolar bone loss, and eventually tooth loss (Cortelli et al, 2021) Periodontitis is a known risk factor for a variety of systemic diseases including diabetes, cardiac diseases, adverse pregnancy outcomes, metabolic syndrome, and rheumatoid arthritis, as well as a reduction in quality of life. As a result, identifying and diagnosing active periodontal disease is critical According to the World Health Organization (WHO), smoking is a threat to public health; it kills over eight million individuals each year, with nearly seven million deaths caused by direct smoking and approximately 1.2 million fatalities resulting from indirect exposure to smoke (who fact sheet 2022).…”

Combined assessment of lysine and N-acetyl cadaverine levels assist as a potential biomarker of the smoker periodontitis

“…Periodontal disorders are a group of chronic inflammatory condition of the tooth's supporting structures that results in attachment and bone loss, characterized by gingival inflammation, clinical attachment loss, periodontal pockets, gingival recession, alveolar bone loss, and eventually tooth loss (Cortelli et al 2021 ). Periodontitis is a known risk factor for a variety of systemic diseases including diabetes, cardiac diseases, adverse pregnancy outcomes, metabolic syndrome, and rheumatoid arthritis, as well as a reduction in quality of life.…”

Wooden Tongue Depressor Multiplex Saliva Biosensor Fabricated via Diode Laser Engraving

“…The limits of detection were 22.5 and 3.5 μmol L –1 for glucose and nitrite, respectively, and were calculated by the equation LOD = 3 s y / a (where s y is the standard deviation of the y residuals of the calibration plot and a is the slope of the corresponding calibration plot). The human salivary glucose concentration ranges from approximately 100 to 1000 μmol L –1 , while, when salivary glucose concentration of an individual exceeds 400 μmol L –1 , it could be a sign of diabetes. , On the other hand, the concentration level of nitrate in saliva is usually higher than 25 μmol L –1 depending on age, gender, diet, and oral health. , The linear range of the LIG-WTD multiplex bioplatform covers these concentration levels, and thus, it demonstrates fitness-for-purpose in monitoring diabetes and oral health through noninvasive sensing. The reproducibility was estimated by testing five different LIG-WTD biodevices.…”