Antimicrobial Activity and Biocompatibility of the Psidium cattleianum Extracts for Endodontic Purposes

Abstract

Psidium cattleianum (PC) has been displaying inhibitory effect against a variety of microorganisms, but this effect has not yet been tested against endodontic pathogens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and biocompatibility of the aqueous (PCAE) and hydroethanolic (PCHE) extracts from Psidium cattleianum (PC) leaves. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum lethal concentration (MLC) were determined using the microdilution broth method in order to analyze the antimicrobial effect against Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Actinomyces israelii and Candida albicans in planktonic conditions. Biofilm assays were conducted only with the extracts that were able to determine the MLC for microorganisms in planktonic conditions. Immediate and late tissue reactions against PC extracts were evaluated using edemogenic test and histological analysis of subcutaneous implants in Wistar rats. The results showed that the MIC and MLC values ranged between 0.25 and 4 mg/mL. The MLC obtained for PCHE inhibited 100% growth of all the tested strains, except for C. albicans. PCAE had the same effect for E. faecalis and P. aeruginosa. Both PC extracts were able to eliminate E. faecalis biofilms and only the PCHE eliminated P. aeruginosa biofilms. The positive controls inhibited the growth of all tested strains in MIC and MLC essays, but no CHX tested concentrations were able to eliminate A. israelii biofilm. PCAE caused a discrete increase in the edema over time, while PCHE caused a higher initial edema, which decreased progressively. Both PCAE and PCHE extracts were biocompatible, but PCHE showed better results with slight levels of inflammation at 28 days. In conclusion, PCHE was biocompatible and presented better antimicrobial effect against important pathogens associated with persistent endodontic infections A n t i m i c r o b i a l A c t i v i t y a n d B i o c o m p a t i b i l i t y o f t h e P s i d i u m c a t t l e i a n u m E x t r a c t s f o r E n d o d o n t i c P u r p o s e s

Antimicrobial activity of Psidium cattleianum associated with calcium hydroxide against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans: an in vitro study

“…Despite its use in endodontics, both E. faecalis and C. albicans are very resistant to the action of calcium hydroxide [40][41][42], and its mixing with another medicament could improve significantly the antimicrobial effect [43,44], since most of the substances used as a vehicle for calcium hydroxide do not have significant antimicrobial activity. A research conducted by Dezan-Junior [45] showed that the association of calcium hydroxide and Psidium cattleianum eliminated E. faecalis in 24 h, corroborating a recent study with hydroethanolic association [46], suggesting that only the presence of the leaf extract produced bactericidal effect. The microbial inoculation sequence used in this study was performed according to the proliferation ability of the E.faecalis and C.albicans.…”

Inhibitory activity of Varronia curassavica and Mikania laevigata fractions against pathogens associated with persistent dental infections

“…Biofilm assays were performed with the extracts/fractions that presented 100% growth inhibition in the MBC/MFC tests, except for C. albicans, as described by Massunari et al (2017). Briefly, 96-well microplates, U-shaped bottom, were pretreated with 200µl of artificial saliva per well for 4 h at 37°C in 5% CO 2 (coating phase).…”

Cytocompatibility and Synergy of EGCG and Cationic Peptides Against Bacteria Related to Endodontic Infections, in Planktonic and Biofilm Conditions

“…EGCG, LL-37, and KR-12-a5 were selected for biofilm assays based on the results observed in the previous assays: MTT and FIC. The assays were conducted according to Massunari et al [33] and with single biofilms of E. faecalis, S. mutans, A. israelii, and F. nucleatum. Bacterial cultures were individually centrifuged at 5000 × g at 4 °C for 5 min, and the supernatant discarded.…”