Prevalence and Sensitivity of Bacilli and Pseudomonas in the Newborn’s Oral Cavity

Abstract

The aim of this study was to isolate Enterobacteria and Pseudomonas from the oral cavity of hospitalized newborns (NB) and determine their prevalence and the sensitivity profile to most commonly used antibiotics for this age group. Samples from the oral cavity of NB from 24 to 48 h age were collected using swabs. The samples were inoculated on MacConkey agar, incubated and the colonies counted and identified. For each strain, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using agar dilution test. Tests for enterobacteria producing extended spectrumβ-lactamases (ESBL) were performed using agar diffusion. Descriptive statistics was used for data analysis. Two of the isolated strains were submitted to the susceptibility test in biofilm. Of the collected samples, 8% presented Enterobacteria (mean of 6,141 CFU/mL) and no Pseudomona species was isolated. Positive samples were from NB in accommodation set or in the NB nursery. Enterobacter was the most prevalent genus and some strains were resistant to ampicillin, gentamicin and cephalothin. No ESBL strain was detected. Microorganisms in biofilms were resistant to all antibiotics, with concentrations four times higher than MIC. The presence of enterobacteria in the oral cavity of newborns, especially some strains resistant to normally used antibiotics, warns to the need for care to avoid the early colonization of this niche and the occurrence of a possible hospital infection in this age group.P r e v a l e n c e a n d S e n s i t i v i t y o f B a c i l l i a n d P s e u d o m o n a s i n t h e N e w b o r n ' s O r a l C a v i t y

Microbial profile of the oral cavity of patients under mechanical ventilation is not influenced by the edentamento: an observational study

“…In our study, we collected clinical samples from 37 patients. The absolute frequencies of strains for each patient are expressed in parentheses: Streptococcus gordoni (14) (1). Of these eight patients, three presented more than one strain resistant to multiple drugs.…”

“…The oral cavity is a sterile human site until birth, when it changes over time 1,2,3 . The introduction of microorganisms may occur during birth, through contact with the microbiota of the amniotic cavity, aspiration of contaminated amniotic fluid, contact with microorganisms present in the birth canal, genital secretions, or maternal feces 1 . At birth or soon after birth, colonization begins 3 .…”

“…The metabolic activity of genera pioneers in adherence to the oral environment provides ideal conditions for colonization by other microbial species 5 . With aging, when all teeth are lost, the microbiota becomes similar to that of a child before the onset of tooth eruption 1 .…”

Novel Options to Counteract Oral Biofilm Formation: In Vitro Evidence

“…Due to their strong ability to adhere and persist on abiotic and biotic surfaces, they often cause biofilm-associated infections, which are clinically relevant and difficult-to-treat [10]. In particular, P. aeruginosa is responsible for apical periodontitis, pulp necrosis, pulpitis or mandibular/maxillary alveolitis [11] and its organization as a biofilm causes a 4-fold enhancement in drug resistance [12]. Additionally, the high prevalence of S. aureus has been described in plaque and tongue samples from systemically healthy subjects with periodontal health, gingivitis or chronic periodontitis [13].…”

Influence of preoperative hospital stay in the antimicrobial resistance profile of oral microbiotic

“…The oral cavity is a sterile human site until birth when it changes over time 1,2,3 . In the mouth, there is a diverse amount of microorganisms, including viruses, fungi, archaeans, and even protozoa, the bacterial group being the most predominant 2,4 .…”