Use of Silver Nanoparticles Reduces Internal Contamination of External Hexagon Implants by Candida albicans

Abstract

Since the dental implant/abutment interface cannot totally seal the passage of microorganisms, the interior of implant becomes a reservoir of pathogenic microorganisms that produce and maintain chronic inflammation in the tissues around implants. Silver nanoparticles (nano-Ag) are potent and broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the capacity of the nano-Ag to prevent the contamination of the implant internal surface by Candida albicans, caused by the implant/abutment microgap infiltration. Thirty-six implants were used in this experiment. Three study groups were performed: experimental group (implants receiving an application of nano-Ag in their inner cavity before installation of the abutment); positive-control group (implants receiving sterile phosphate buffer saline application instead of nano-Ag) and negative-control group (implants receiving the application of nano-Ag in the inner cavity and immersed in a sterile medium). In the positive-control and experimental groups, the implants were immersed in a Candida albicans suspension. The abutments of all three groups were screwed with a 10 N torque. After 72 h of immersion inC. albicans suspension or sterile medium, the abutments were removed and the inner surface of the implants was sampled with absorbent paper cone for fungal detection. No C. albicans contamination was observed in the negative-control group. The positive-control group showed statistically higher values of colony forming units (CFUs) of C. albicans compared with the experimental group. In conclusion, silver nanoparticles reduced C. albicans colonization inside the implants, even with low torque screw abutment.

Future therapies targeted towards eliminatingCandidabiofilms and associated infections

“…are key colonizers, and play a major role in the formation of catheter lumen and other implant biofilms, the reduction or inhibition of Candida colonization on the surface of these medical devices, is a key to prevent recalcitrant infections (see above) [176]. We discuss below the major candidate vaccines currently being explored, namely fungal cell-wall .…”

Effects on cytotoxicity and antibacterial properties of the incorporations of silver nanoparticles into the surface coating of dental alloys

“…Bacterial adhesion to the surface of implants may result in peri-implant diseases and cannot always be avoided by sterilization before implantation. AgNPs coating produced a strong antibacterial effect on the titanium surface by inhibiting the adhesion of bacteria (Massa et al, 2014;Matsubara et al, 2015;Mishra et al, 2015;Qin et al, 2015;Vogel et al, 2015). In our study, AgNPs were incorporated to the surface of dental alloys to improve their antibacterial properties, in order to further reduce the incidence of denture stomatitis and peri-implantitis.…”

“…Microwave solidification was applied to the denture base preparation after mixing the AgNPs with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) powder, and the results showed that the amount of C. albicans attached to the base surface was significantly reduced (Acosta-Torres et al, 2012). AgNPs have also been added to the surface of titanium implants (Massa et al, 2014;Matsubara et al, 2015;Mishra et al, 2015). This incorporation of AgNPs not only resulted in a significant increase in antibacterial properties (Streptococcus mutans (MS), Porphyromonas gingivalis, and C. albicans), but also significantly increased the expression of osteoblast phenotype genes (Alp, Ocn, RunX2) in cell growth on the Ag-implanted titanium surface (Zheng et al, 2012).…”

Biocompatibility studies on cerium oxide nanoparticles – combined study for local effects, systemic toxicity and genotoxicity via implantation route

“…There is an increasing interest in the use of nanomaterials in medical devices to exert therapeutic effects, e.g., antimicrobial effects, blockage of inflammatory responses, inhibition of oxidative stress, reduction of cell proliferation, among others. [1][2][3] Layers of nanoparticles can be deposited on implantable devices (e.g., stents, pacing leads, balloons, vascular closing devices, etc. ), which can either be permanently bound to the device to exert local antimicrobial effects or designed to release a flux of appropriately-sized nanoparticles to a patient after implantation in the body.…”

“…2 Statistical analysis was performed to compare the body weights between Day-0 and Day-28, for all groups using paired T-test. This showed significant increase (#, P < 0.05; ##, P < 0.01; ###, P < 0.001) in body weights in all groups 3. Statistical analysis (unpaired T-test) was performed to compare the body weights between untreated/control group and CeO-NP implanted groups.…”