Relationship among stress, depression, cardiovascular and metabolic changes and physical exercise

Abstract

Objective The aim of the study is to find out amount of physical stress among cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients and its relation with hypertension. Background Physical stress is defined as a pressure-force and strain a state of physical mental tension. Stress is among the mental factors that has for some time been recorded among the potential. Furthermore, essential hazard variables of hypertension and coronary illness. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted in the patients of department of Cardiology at tertiary hospitals, Karachi, from January 2014 to December 2014. Sadaf stress scale (SSS) 2.0 was used to find out the physical stress. Results It showed physical stress among CVD patients about n=39 (43.3%) have moderate physical stress. which was decreased over time after 5 year of illness as compared to the patient who have disease for less than 5 years. While systolic blood pressure among subjects with severe physical stress showed an average systolic B.P. of 147mmhg, moderate have 146mmhg and patients with mild physical stress have 135mmhg. Conclusion This report concluded moderate physical stress among CVD patients which was decrease over time due different coping mechanism and blood pressures are directly related to severity of physical stress mainly systolic which lead to hypertension.

Effectiveness of Nutritional Advice for Community-Dwelling Obese Older Adults With Frailty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…The positive effects of exercise on mood have also been reported in previous articles ( 54 , 55 ). This may be because exercise can induce the release of endorphins, which regulate mood and cognition by activating opioid receptors ( 56 ).…”

Impacto da atividade física sobre os níveis de ansiedade durante a pandemia de Covid-19

“…During the regular practice of physical exercise, and even a few hours later, in the recovery phase, stress hormones and inflammatory responses remain at low levels. In contrast, neutrophils, natural killer (NK) cells, cytotoxic T cells, immature B cells, and monocytes circulate at high rates [19]. When repeated regularly, these exercise-induced transient increases in antipathogenic leukocytes increase immunosurveillance, reduce disease risk, and decrease systemic inflammation, helping to prevent respiratory illness and, consequently, protect against infections such as CO-VID-19 [20].…”

“…In sum, regular physical activities cause beneficial physiological adaptations to rest heart rate, blood pressure, stroke volume, and cardiac output, promoting improvements in the cardiorespiratory system and musculoskeletal performance, generating well-being and satisfaction in the quality of life of individuals [21]. In addition, physical activity acts as a non-pharmacological analgesic, stimulating the production of endorphins, which contribute to improving mood and reducing hormones associated with increased anxiety and stress, such as adrenaline and cortisol [19].…”

“…Different investigations during the COVID-19 pandemic show that the practice of physical activity improves anxiety levels due to the increase in well-being neurotransmitters, such as endorphin and serotonin [19,21]. In turn, improving physical condition helps to improve self-image and can reduce the emergence of other disorders in pandemic times [19]. Therefore, this integrative review aimed to describe the effects of physical activity on anxiety levels during social isolation due to the COVID-19 pandemic.…”

Hubungan antara aktivitas fisik dan kualitas tidur dengan stress di masa pandemi COVID-19

“…(5) A decrease in the amount of physical activity can be a risk factor that negatively affects sleep quality and contribute to stressful events because physical activity stimulates the production of endorphins to improve mood and suppress mood stress hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol. (6,7) Several studies have shown a relationship between physical activity and lower psychological distress. (8,9) Stanton R et al (10) showed that decreased physical activity and sleep quality increase the likelihood of stress during the COVID-19 pandemic.…”