Functional disability in community-dwelling elderly: the role of cataracts and contextual factors

Abstract

Introduction: Cataract arises as a risk factor for functional disability in elderly Objective: To determine differences in functional capacity and contextual factors associated with it in elderly affected and not affected by cataract and association between disability and cataracts. Methods: A transversal-type observational study was carried out with 100 community elderly, divided into two groups: elderly affected (n = 50) and not affected by cataracts (n = 50). It was evaluated: activities of daily living (ADL) -Katz Index -, instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) -Lawton scale -and mobility -Short Physical Performance Battery. Functional disability was detected when the elderly were dependent or semi-dependent for one or more IADL or ADL and/or when they presented any difficulty in mobility. Data analysis included absolute and relative frequencies, Chi-squared or Fisher's exact tests (p < 0.05) and Poisson regression. Results: No statistically significant associations were observed between IADL, ADL or mobility disability and cataracts. Fisioter Mov. 2014 abr/jun;27(2):189-200Borges LL, dos Santos FPV, Pagotto V, de Menezes RL. 190 A statistically significant difference was observed between the disabled elderly affected and not affected by cataract according to contextual factors for ADL regarding age (p = 0.037) and comorbidity (p = 0.037), for mobility regarding the practice of physical activity (p = 0.013), and for IADL (p = 0.001), ADL (p = 0.001) and mobility (p = 0.013) regarding the self-reporting of eyesight problems. Conclusions: Besides cataracts, physical inactivity, comorbidity and functional aging itself are contributing factors to the process of disability in elderly, so, the physiotherapy is essential both to prevent as to reverse this process. [P] Resumo Introdução: Catarata surge como fator de risco para a incapacidade funcional em idosos. Objetivos: Determinar diferenças na capacidade funcional e nos fatores contextuais a ela associados em idosos com e sem catarata e associação entre incapacidade funcional e catarata. Métodos: Estudo observacional transversal, realizado com uma amostra de 100 idosos comunitários, divididos em dois grupos: idosos com catarata (n = 50) e idosos sem catarata (n = 50). Foram avaliadas: atividades de vida diária (AVD) -Índice de Katz -, atividades instrumentais de vida diária (AIVD) -Escala de Lawton -e mobilidade -Short Physical Pherformance Battery. Incapacidade funcional foi detectada quando os idosos apresentassem dependência ou semi-dependência para uma ou mais AVD ou AIVD e/ou qualquer dificuldade na mobilidade. As análises dos dados incluíram frequência absoluta e relativa, testes Qui quadrado ou Exato de Fisther (p < 0.05) e análise regressiva de Poisson. Resultados: Não houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre AIVD, AVD ou mobilidade e ter catarata. Diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os idosos incapacitados de G1 e G2 conforme os fatores contextuais ocorreram para faixa etária (p = 0.037), comorbidade (p = 0.037) e incap...

Fatores associados a quedas em idosos com catarata

“…Cataract is considered an independent risk factor for falls 9 and can determine more accentuated impairment with regard to balance and mobility in comparison to older adults without cataract 5 . Thus, one would expect a poorer performance on balance tests and, consequently, a greater prevalence rate of falls in individuals with cataract.…”

“…Cataract can exert a negative impact on postural balance, mobility and functional capacity and is related to the fear of falls, a greater number of morbidities, depressed mood and cognitive decline 4,5 . As postural balance depends on the proper integration of vestibular, proprioceptive and visual information, any impairment in one of these sensory systems can lead to deficiencies in the postural adjustments needed to maintain one's balance 6,7 .…”

Cataract and associated factors among adults visiting ophthalmic clinic at Debre Markos comprehensive specialized hospital, northwest Ethiopia, 2020

“…3 The Ethiopian national blindness and low vision survey 2005/2006 identified cataract as the leading cause of blindness (49.9%) and low vision (42.3%). 7 Matured cataract can have immediate and long-term consequences among adults aged ⩾40 years by causing secondary glaucoma and uveitis, increasing dependency on others and decreased mobility, 13 economic loss and mortality, 3 decreased quality of life, and increasing the risk of failure. 14…”

“…3 The Ethiopian national blindness and low vision survey 2005/2006 identified cataract as the leading cause of blindness (49.9%) and low vision (42.3%). 7 Matured cataract can have immediate and long-term consequences among adults aged ⩾40 years by causing secondary glaucoma and uveitis, increasing dependency on others and decreased mobility, 13 economic loss and mortality, 3 decreased quality of life, and increasing the risk of failure. 14 Even if cataract can be congenital, metabolic, secondary to ocular and systemic conditions, traumatic or secondary to ultraviolet radiation, about 85% of cataracts are classified as senile or age related which have greatest socioeconomic impact because of its high prevalence.…”

Efeito de um protocolo baseado no Método Pilates sobre mobilidade, equilíbrio e risco de quedas em idosas da comunidade: ensaio clínico

“…Entre a população idosa, tão importante quanto saber o real motivo das quedas, é propor condições que possam mudar esse cenário 11,12 . Entre as propostas de intervenção, surge o Método Pilates (MP) com o intuito de melhorar a força muscular, flexibilidade, postura e habilidades motoras do sujeito 13 .…”