Performance-based assessment methods provide important insight into psychological functioning in ways that differ from those afforded by more structured tasks. Data obtained through performance-based methods can reveal the underlying issues, concerns, and preoccupations that are salient in understanding a respondent’s personality functioning and provide important insight into how they integrate information, approach novel situations and dilemmas, and utilize internal resources to achieve desired outcomes or avoid undesirable ones. This chapter reviews several commonly used performance-based measures, including the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), Early Memories Task, and human figure drawing tasks. The chapter explores how data yielded by these measures can assist clinicians in evaluating patterns of personality that unfold over time and across relational contexts and identifies how contextual factors might influence trait expression in ways that are otherwise difficult to determine in assessment contexts. The chapter reviews the history, administration process, and general scoring and interpretation procedures of these measures, focusing primarily on the TAT, and provides a discussion of the limitations of these measures and areas in need of further study and development.