Low-Cost Simulator Assembly for 3-Dimensional Videosurgery Training

Abstract

Background: Three-dimensional videosurgery is already a reality worldwide. The trainee program for this procedure should be done initially and preferably in simulators. Aim: Assemble low-cost simulator for three-dimensional videosurgery training. Methods: The simulator presented here was mounted in two parts, base and glasses. After, several stations can be inserted into the simulator for skills training in videosurgery. Results: It was possible to set up three dimensional (3D) video simulations with low cost. It has proved to be easy to assemble and allows the training surgeon of various video surgical skills. Conclusion: This equipment may be used in undergraduate programs and advanced courses for residents and surgeons. The acrylic box allows the visualization of the task executed by the tutor and even by other experienced students.

Validation of an endoscopic flavectomy training model

“…Among studies on low-cost simulators for video-assisted surgery training, Cunha et al developed a simulator involving virtual reality glasses and analyzed the video-assisted procedure performed in a transparent box that allowed real-time observation by the evaluator, but without transmitting or capturing the procedure image 22 . The simulator in the present study also used accessible materials, but we opted for an opaque plastic mannequin so that the participant could only access internal structures through the endoscopic camera.…”

Construction and application of a low-cost laparoscopy training simulator as a teaching tool through motor coordination and two-dimensional vision practices

“…It is noteworthy that the intention of the simulator described in the article is not to train robust or complex surgical procedures, but to direct primary learning to an unfamiliar audience, especially with regard to the manipulation of instruments and main movements, adaptation to the 2D visual-spatial field, and motor coordination practices 6,15 . We should also mention that the simulated training of surgical skills improves manual skills and protects the learner and the patient due to the controlled environment, reducing the risk of iatrogenic episodes 2,11,13,14,16,17 .…”

“…Simulation can promote learning through repetition in an environment conducive to learning, which directs the student's attention to the step-bystep procedure [3][4][5]10 . Other advantages, common to other simulation models, are the ability to train without restrictions, in addition to the reduction in the use of animals 4,5,7,10,11 . However, obtaining industrialized simulators is usually costly, making this tool inaccessible and sometimes unfeasible.…”