Abstract:Social support is an important predictor for the maintenance of physical activity in adolescence. Thus, the social-ecological approach values the impact of individuals or groups interaction with available resources in the social environment for adopting an active lifestyle. This study analyzes social support from family and friends for adolescents to practice physical activity. Guided by the Social-Ecological Theory, an observational cross-sectional structural equations modeling was applied to 2,710 Brazilians… Show more
“…Additionally, best friend's gender, perceived exercise barriers, and social support were significant correlates of PA in children and adolescents [59,69,82]. Adolescents with higher perceived social support from friends and social networks demonstrated higher levels of PA participation [5,77], and boys garnered greater social support than girls [52]. However, girls who perceived more peer support were more physically active than boys [62].…”
Section: Microsystemmentioning
confidence: 95%
“…In studies that included children, parental support [5,6,53,70,71,76,78], and neighborhood environments [8,62,68] were dominant influential factors in children's non-organized PA participation. Among studies with adolescent participants, PA participation was affected by more internal factors: PA enjoyment and self-efficacy [56,59,74,80] and social interactions [52,54,55,58,60,64,69,77]. As age increased, PA participation exhibited complexities in both external and internal patterns in adolescents' PA participation, especially during the transition of puberty.…”
Section: Differences Between Children and Adolescentsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Many physical activities during these developmental periods typically involve some form of play, whether organized sports or spontaneous daily active play, that requires play partners [87,88]. Therefore, it should not be too surprising that a number of empirical studies [5,52,[54][55][56][58][59][60]62,69,75,77,79,81,82] have found that children and adolescents are more physically active when in the presence of peers than when alone. Children and adolescents who reported a greater presence of peers in their lives also reported greater PA participation, which corresponded to previous evidence that lonely children, who were often friendless and rejected by peers, reported the least amount of PA [53,[89][90][91].…”
Section: Individual Characteristics and Peer Influencesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…One of the major limitations of the selected studies was the self-reported PA, which might imply a potential bias of subjectivity. In 26 studies, the measures were based on adolescents' self-report regarding yes or no questions and secondary data [6,7,38,39,52,53,55,[58][59][60][61][62][63][64][66][67][68][69][70][71][73][74][75]77,78,80,81], which might be one potential limitation of this study. Self-reports have several shortcomings with respect to validity and reliability in terms of recall and social desirability biases.…”
Section: Measurementsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…38,[51][52][53]55,58,59,63,64,66,70,71,[74][75][76][77][78]81], peers[5,52,[54][55][56][58][59][60]62,69,75,77,79,81,82], school[59,61,63,65,76], and community[7,51,59,61,63,67,76,79,81] were included within the microsystem.…”
Physical activity (PA) and sports are efficient ways to promote the young generation’s physical and mental health and development. This study expected to demonstrate the complexity of correlates associated with children’s and adolescents’ non-organized PA participation. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols (PRISMA), a systematic review and meta-analysis were applied. Seven electronic databases were systematically searched to identify eligible articles based on a series of inclusion and exclusion criteria. The internal validity of the systematic reviews thus identified was evaluated using a validated quality instrument. Calculations were produced in SPSS 27.0 and Comprehensive Meta-Analysis 3.3. Thirty-nine eligible studies (N = 324,953) with moderate to high quality were included. No potential publication bias was detected using statistical analyses. The meta-analysis revealed that the overall ecological factors correlated positively with children and adolescents’ PA; the meta-analytic average of the correlations was (′r = 0.32, p < 0.001). Results from subgroup analysis indicated that theory-based influence factors achieved moderate effect with boys (′r = 0.37, p < 0.001) and girls (′r = 0.32, p < 0.001) in PA participation. Interestingly, higher correlations were found between ecological factors and twins’ PA participation (′r = 0.61, p = 0.001). Further, individual (′r = 0.32, p < 0.001), macro-, and chronosystems factors (′r = 0.50, p < 0.001) appeared slightly more influential than microsystems factors (′r = 0.28, p < 0.001) on children and adolescents’ PA participation. Although findings from the included studies covered were to some extent heterogeneous, it is possible to identify consistent correlates of PA in children and adolescents. The results supported that PA is a complex and multi-dimensional behavior, which is determined by numerous biological, psychological, sociocultural, and environmental factors. Future studies that focus on the integration effect of macrosystem and chronosystem environmental factors, and apply longitudinal designs and objective measurements are encouraged to further unfold the complexity of the ecological system and its implications in promoting children and adolescents’ PA participation.
“…Additionally, best friend's gender, perceived exercise barriers, and social support were significant correlates of PA in children and adolescents [59,69,82]. Adolescents with higher perceived social support from friends and social networks demonstrated higher levels of PA participation [5,77], and boys garnered greater social support than girls [52]. However, girls who perceived more peer support were more physically active than boys [62].…”
Section: Microsystemmentioning
confidence: 95%
“…In studies that included children, parental support [5,6,53,70,71,76,78], and neighborhood environments [8,62,68] were dominant influential factors in children's non-organized PA participation. Among studies with adolescent participants, PA participation was affected by more internal factors: PA enjoyment and self-efficacy [56,59,74,80] and social interactions [52,54,55,58,60,64,69,77]. As age increased, PA participation exhibited complexities in both external and internal patterns in adolescents' PA participation, especially during the transition of puberty.…”
Section: Differences Between Children and Adolescentsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Many physical activities during these developmental periods typically involve some form of play, whether organized sports or spontaneous daily active play, that requires play partners [87,88]. Therefore, it should not be too surprising that a number of empirical studies [5,52,[54][55][56][58][59][60]62,69,75,77,79,81,82] have found that children and adolescents are more physically active when in the presence of peers than when alone. Children and adolescents who reported a greater presence of peers in their lives also reported greater PA participation, which corresponded to previous evidence that lonely children, who were often friendless and rejected by peers, reported the least amount of PA [53,[89][90][91].…”
Section: Individual Characteristics and Peer Influencesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…One of the major limitations of the selected studies was the self-reported PA, which might imply a potential bias of subjectivity. In 26 studies, the measures were based on adolescents' self-report regarding yes or no questions and secondary data [6,7,38,39,52,53,55,[58][59][60][61][62][63][64][66][67][68][69][70][71][73][74][75]77,78,80,81], which might be one potential limitation of this study. Self-reports have several shortcomings with respect to validity and reliability in terms of recall and social desirability biases.…”
Section: Measurementsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…38,[51][52][53]55,58,59,63,64,66,70,71,[74][75][76][77][78]81], peers[5,52,[54][55][56][58][59][60]62,69,75,77,79,81,82], school[59,61,63,65,76], and community[7,51,59,61,63,67,76,79,81] were included within the microsystem.…”
Physical activity (PA) and sports are efficient ways to promote the young generation’s physical and mental health and development. This study expected to demonstrate the complexity of correlates associated with children’s and adolescents’ non-organized PA participation. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols (PRISMA), a systematic review and meta-analysis were applied. Seven electronic databases were systematically searched to identify eligible articles based on a series of inclusion and exclusion criteria. The internal validity of the systematic reviews thus identified was evaluated using a validated quality instrument. Calculations were produced in SPSS 27.0 and Comprehensive Meta-Analysis 3.3. Thirty-nine eligible studies (N = 324,953) with moderate to high quality were included. No potential publication bias was detected using statistical analyses. The meta-analysis revealed that the overall ecological factors correlated positively with children and adolescents’ PA; the meta-analytic average of the correlations was (′r = 0.32, p < 0.001). Results from subgroup analysis indicated that theory-based influence factors achieved moderate effect with boys (′r = 0.37, p < 0.001) and girls (′r = 0.32, p < 0.001) in PA participation. Interestingly, higher correlations were found between ecological factors and twins’ PA participation (′r = 0.61, p = 0.001). Further, individual (′r = 0.32, p < 0.001), macro-, and chronosystems factors (′r = 0.50, p < 0.001) appeared slightly more influential than microsystems factors (′r = 0.28, p < 0.001) on children and adolescents’ PA participation. Although findings from the included studies covered were to some extent heterogeneous, it is possible to identify consistent correlates of PA in children and adolescents. The results supported that PA is a complex and multi-dimensional behavior, which is determined by numerous biological, psychological, sociocultural, and environmental factors. Future studies that focus on the integration effect of macrosystem and chronosystem environmental factors, and apply longitudinal designs and objective measurements are encouraged to further unfold the complexity of the ecological system and its implications in promoting children and adolescents’ PA participation.
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