Intervention analysis of introduction of rotavirus vaccine on hospital admissions rates due to acute diarrhea

Abstract

Abstract

Time series investigation of changes in seasonality of acute diarrhea hospitalizations before and after rotavirus vaccine in Southern Brazil

“…On the other hand, the relationship between climate and diarrheic diseases is complex due to the large number of confounding variables 11,23,24 , the means of transmission 25 that can affect the disease rates, and the fact that diarrhea can be caused by multiple pathogens 26,27 . The limitations related to the data discussed in Masukawa et al 4 are also inherent to this research.…”

“…Some results for Brazil were obtained using descriptive analyses and regression methods 2,3 where only behaviors related to changes over the years were taken into account and up to 2009. On the other hand, the effect of the rotavirus vaccine on HRs due to acute diarrhea was investigated using specific models for time series with an analysis of the intervention using the Box-Jenkins methodology 4 . The average percentage reduction in comparison to the mean level in the pre-vaccine period was about 50% for younger and 1-yearold children in Southern Brazil at the end of 2011.…”

Vaccination herd effect experience in Latin America: a systematic literature review

“…Five studies reported data on Hib vaccine, [26][27][28][29][30] eight on pneumococcal vaccine, [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] and the remaining ten studies reported data on rotavirus vaccine. [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48] The studies came from nine countries, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Cuba, El Salvador, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, and Uruguay.…”

“…A national study in Brazil 42 reported a reduction in the proportion of diarrhea cases positive for rotavirus, although there were large variations between the years and conclusions cannot easily be drawn. Rotavirus-related hospitalizations in El Salvador 48 Hospitalizations for all-cause gastroenteritis or diarrhea Five studies on hospitalizations due to gastroenteritis or diarrhea (no confirmation of rotavirus infection) were identified, two in Brazil, 40,44 two in Panama 39,45 and one in Mexico. 41 All the studies showed a reduction in incidence in children aged < 1 year, the age group targeted for vaccination, of 25% (95% CI 14, 34), 40 36%, 44 18%, 39 23% 45 and 48% (95% CI 46, 50) 41 (Supplementary Table 5).…”

“…In Mexico the reduction in hospitalization rate in children aged 0-59 months was 38% (p < 0.001). 41 Both studies in Brazil showed only a limited decrease in the incidence of hospitalization in age groups not targeted for vaccination (7% [95% CI -7, 19] in all regions in children aged 2-4 years, 40 8.3% in children aged 3 years 44 ), indicating little or no herd protection (Table 5). In Panama, both studies reported a decrease in hospitalizations in children aged 1-4 years in the two years after the introduction of the vaccination program (31% 39 and 40% 45 ), which would be [34] presented incidence rate per 100,000 individuals, Hortal [35] presented consolidated pneumonia incidence per 100,000 person-years; Becker-Dreps [31] calculated incidence rate ratios.…”