Inversion of traditional gender roles and intimate partner violence against pregnant women

Abstract

This study analyzed the association between the inversion of traditional gender roles and exclusive psychological and physical/sexual intimate partner violence, in a cross-sectional study of Brazilian pregnant women, identified through prenatal services in the municipalities of São Luís, Maranhão State (n = 992) and Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo State (n = 943). The pregnant women ranged from 12 to 45 years. Inversion of traditional gender roles was assessed by calculating differences in age, education and occupation between pregnant women and their co-residing intimate partners and identifying the largest contribution to family income. The conceptual model was tested with structural equation modeling and showed acceptable fit. The prevalence of any type of intimate partner violence was 29.8% in São Luís and 20.1% in Ribeirão Preto. In both municipalities, pregnant women were more likely to suffer exclusive psychological and physical/sexual violence when they had the highest income in the family (p < 0.005). In São Luís, physical/sexual violence was more common among women who were better educated than their partners (standardized coefficient, SC = -0.466; p = 0.007). In Ribeirão Preto, exclusive psychological violence was more frequent among women who had lower status occupations than their partners (SC = 0.236; p = 0.004). Inversion of traditional gender roles is associated with exclusive psychological and physical/sexual violence against pregnant women by their co-residing intimate partners. These findings suggest that women's empowerment at an individual level does not necessarily relieve them of intimate partner abuse in social contexts where traditional gender norms persist.

Violence against Pregnant Women in Indonesia

“…For instance, in a society where violence against women matters, the number of reported cases is very low ( 11 ). Interestingly, a community with traditional gender roles that consider women inferior has similar findings ( 12 , 13 ). Violence against women tends to be more generous in rural areas than in urban ones ( 14 , 15 ).…”

Carga doméstica, cuidado de los dependientes y violencia en el hogar durante el confinamiento por la Covid-19

“…Es esta atmósfera social que explica según los resultados encontrados sobre la percepción del aumento de las relaciones violentas al interior del hogar durante la cuarentena; ya que además muchas mujeres han tenido que convivir con sus agresores; esto es corroborado también por Ribeiro y Rodrigues (31) , quienes mencionan que, ni siquiera la inversión de los roles de género protegería a las mujeres de la violencia en sus hogares.…”