Niveles de estrés, ansiedad y depresión en la primera fase del brote del COVID-19 en una muestra recogida en el norte de España

Abstract

En marzo de 2020, el virus SARS-CoV-2 procedente de China ha llegado a España y desde el 14 de marzo se ha declarado el estado de alarma en todo el Estado español, llevando al confinamiento a toda la población. La presente investigación se contextualiza en la Comunidad Autónoma Vasca (situada al norte de España). Se han analizado los niveles de estrés, ansiedad y depresión a la llegada del virus y se han estudiado los niveles de sintomatología psicológica según edad, cronicidad y confinamiento. Se ha recogido una muestra de 976 personas y la medición de las variables ansiedad, estrés y depresión se ha hecho mediante la escala DASS (Escala de Depresión, Ansiedad y Estrés). Los resultados demuestran que, aunque los niveles de sintomatología han sido bajos en general al principio de la alarma, la población más joven y con enfermedades crónicas ha referido sintomatología más alta que el resto de población. También se ha detectado un mayor nivel de sintomatología a partir del confinamiento, donde las personas tienen prohibido salir de sus casas. Se prevé que la sintomatología aumentará según vaya transcurriendo el confinamiento. Se defienden intervenciones psicológicas de prevención y tratamiento para bajar el impacto psicológico que pueda crear esta pandemia.

The role of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic on anxiety and stress among the Palestinian general population: A cross sectional study

“…Anxiety scores: Normal (0-7); Mild (8-9); moderate (10)(11)(12)(13)(14); severe (15)(16)(17)(18)(19) and extremely severe (20+). Stress scores: Normal (0-14); Mild (15)(16)(17)(18); moderate (19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25); severe (26-33) and extremely severe (34+). DASS scores may be presented in ve categorical levels.…”

“…A recent study in Italy reported a prevalence of 18.7% of anxiety and 27.2% of stress among the Italian general population during COVID-19 pandemic (16). Another study in Northern Spain found that anxiety rate was 26.02% and stress rate was 33.5% among Spanish population during the same period (17). In UK, it was found that prevalence of anxiety was 21.63% during COVID-19 pandemic (18).In china, a study found that the prevalence of anxiety was 37.4% and the prevalence of stress was 32.1% (6).…”

“…This result was also noted in a Spanish study during COVID-19 pandemic (21), which also showed that age had signi cant negative association with anxiety degrees while in our study no association was found. In Northern Spain, it was found that 18-24 age group were the most common with anxiety and stress (17). However, a study in China found that age was not associated with anxiety or stress (6).…”

A Predictive Study of Resilience and Its Relationship with Academic and Work Dimensions during the COVID-19 Pandemic

“…This could provide an explanation for the medium resilience levels. Fear of the unknown coupled with uncertainty regarding future socio-economics and health can generate mental health problems in the population including the consumption of toxins, somatization, stress, anxiety, and depression that can lead to the risk of suicide [ 40 , 41 , 42 ].…”

Knowledge Levels Among Elderly People With Diabetes Mellitus Concerning COVID-19: an Educational Intervention via a Teleservice

“…Ozamiz-Etxebarria [20] highlighted the presence of long-term post-quarantine psychopathological symptoms, including depression, among elderly individuals. Moreover, social isolation for elderly people can result in decreased cognitive stimuli, resulting in depression and dementia [21].…”