Incentives and barriers to HIV testing in men who have sex with men in a metropolitan area in Brazil

Gonçalves, Vanessa Pinto; Kerr, Lígia Regina Franco Sansigolo; Mota, Rosa Salani; Macena, Raimunda Hermelinda Maia; Almeida, Rosa Lívia de; Freire, Deborah Gurgel; Brito, Ana Maria de; Dourado, Inês; Atlani-Duault, Laëtitia; Vidal, Laurent; Kendall, Carl

doi:10.1590/0102-311x00049015

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…This demand was likely driven by the privacy of e-testing, which systematic reviews have highlighted as a priority for MSM [23]. Similarly, the large number of HIVST packages delivered by mail, compared to packages retrieved in the public pharmacy, was likely related to introducing delivery models that addressed challenges such as travel distances, wait times at facilities, and confidentiality issues [45,46], all of which have been previously cited as barriers to testing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Internet-Based HIV Self-Testing Program to Increase HIV Testing Uptake Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Brazil: Descriptive Cross-Sectional Analysis

et al. 2019

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Background Approximately 30% of people living with HIV worldwide are estimated to be unaware of their infection. HIV self-testing (HIVST) is a strategy recommended by the World Health Organization to increase access to and uptake of testing among key populations who are at high risk for HIV infection. Objective This study aimed to describe the development and feasibility of a free, anonymous, internet-based HIVST strategy designed for men who have sex with men in Curitiba, Brazil (electronic testing [e-testing]). Methods The project was developed under the scope of the “A Hora é Agora” (The Time is Now) program. Individuals aiming to request an HIVST package (two tests each) answered an anonymous 5-minute questionnaire regarding inclusion criteria and sexual risk behavior. Eligible individuals could receive one package every 6 months for free. Website analytics, response to online questionnaires, package distribution, and return of test results were monitored via a platform-integrated system. Results Between February 2015 and January 2016, the website documented 17,786 unique visitors and 3218 completed online questionnaires. Most individuals self-reported being white (77.0%), young (median age: 25 years, interquartile range: 22-31 years), educated (87.3% completed secondary education or more), and previously tested for HIV (62.5%). Overall, 2526 HIVST packages were delivered; of those, 542 (21.4%) reported a result online or by mail (23 reactive and 11 invalid). During the study period, 37 individuals who reported using e-testing visited the prespecified health facility for confirmatory testing (30 positive, 7 negative). Conclusions E-testing proved highly feasible and acceptable in this study, thus supporting scale-up to additional centers for men who have sex with men in Brazil.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Internet-Based HIV Self-Testing Program to Increase HIV Testing Uptake Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Brazil: Descriptive Cross-Sectional Analysis

et al. 2019

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“…In line with our findings, other studies indicated that MSM and transwomen preferred not to know their HIV status until they experienced illness ( Safren et al , 2006 ). Furthermore, studies have shown that predominant barriers to HIV testing include the fear of being diagnosed with HIV and fear of discrimination due to positive testing result ( Risher et al , 2013 ; Zhang et al , 2013 ; Goncalves et al , 2016 ). Therefore, it is crucial to formulate appropriate messages that address such barriers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Client perspectives on an outreach approach for HIV prevention targeting Indonesian MSM and transwomen

‪Nugroho

Erasmus

Krier

et al. 2019

Health Promotion International

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This study explored clients’ perspective on an outreach approach to promote HIV testing in Indonesia targeting men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (transwomen or waria). Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 32 individuals (21 MSM and 11 waria) who had received services from outreach workers (OWs) in five cities in Indonesia. Participants in this study reported positive experiences with the outreach approach and perceived OWs as their motivators in accessing HIV testing as well as HIV care and treatment. OWs provided easy-to-understand HIV information. Clients expected OWs to be well-trained and more creative in performing outreach. They perceived that the Internet and social media have helped them considerably to stay in touch with OWs. Yet, they expressed that such virtual contacts could not simply replace the face-to-face contact, especially for waria. Furthermore, clients suggested outreach to be delivered in a more appealing manner, for example through activities that may facilitate clients learning professional or life skills. They also asserted that as an HIV prevention approach, outreach needs to use more positive framing and go beyond HIV and health contents, chiefly for the youth. Future outreach programmes should facilitate OWs in providing tailored services based on the level and type of support that the clients need, and in applying varied proportion and levels of sophistication in the use of online and virtual platforms for outreach.

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“…Another study carried out among MSM older than 18 years old in Fortaleza found that the majority were young (40.3%), unmarried (85.1%), had between 5 and 11 years of schooling (57.3%), and had a low income (37.6%), with 58.1% having been tested for HIV at some time in their lives, 34.1% have been tested to ensure that they were not infected, and 34% tested owing to the national campaign Be Aware 20 , which reinforces the need for this campaign. The reason for not taking the HIV test is to show trust the partner (21%) and the fear of discrimination if the test is positive (20.3%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reason for not taking the HIV test is to show trust the partner (21%) and the fear of discrimination if the test is positive (20.3%). Among MSM, the majority (97.6%) reported at least one advantage for the serological testing, and the remaining reported knowledge on serology testing (91.3%), immediate onset of treatment (83.5%), use of protection to avoid opportunistic diseases (56.7%), having sex without fear (55.6%), and increasing the quality of survival with HIV (54.1%) 20 . These vulnerabilities and fears served as barriers to the spontaneous performance of the exam, as also described by Terto Junior 21 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV/AIDS case definition criteria and association between sociodemographic and clinical aspects of the disease reported in the State of Minas Gerais from 2007 to 2016

Castro

Scatena

Miranzi

et al. 2018

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Incentives and barriers to HIV testing in men who have sex with men in a metropolitan area in Brazil

Cited by 9 publications

References 20 publications

An Internet-Based HIV Self-Testing Program to Increase HIV Testing Uptake Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Brazil: Descriptive Cross-Sectional Analysis

An Internet-Based HIV Self-Testing Program to Increase HIV Testing Uptake Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Brazil: Descriptive Cross-Sectional Analysis

Client perspectives on an outreach approach for HIV prevention targeting Indonesian MSM and transwomen

HIV/AIDS case definition criteria and association between sociodemographic and clinical aspects of the disease reported in the State of Minas Gerais from 2007 to 2016

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