Interseccionalidade, discriminação e qualidade de vida na população adulta de Florianópolis, Sul do Brasil

Abstract

Este estudo investigou como a interação entre os eixos de marginalização raça/cor, gênero, escolaridade e discriminação interpessoal afeta distintas dimensões da qualidade de vida de indivíduos adultos. Trata-se de uma análise transversal, realizada com dados da segunda onda do Estudo EpiFloripa Adulto, conduzida em Florianópolis, Sul do Brasil, em 2012. Estimamos modelos de regressão linear para cada domínio e para a qualidade de vida geral, aferida com o WHOQOL-Bref. O método KHB foi utilizado para estimar o papel mediador da discriminação percebida nas associações dos eixos de marginalização com qualidade de vida. A análise demonstrou que escolaridade e gênero operam em conjunto, mas não interseccionalmente, sobre a qualidade de vida geral e sobre o domínio físico, com prejuízo para as mulheres e indivíduos com até 11 anos de estudo. Escolaridade e raça/cor foram preditores do domínio meio ambiente, com médias inferiores para negros e indivíduos com até 11 anos de estudo. No domínio psicológico, a intersecção entre gênero e escolaridade resultou em uma média 2,9 pontos maior para mulheres com 12+ anos de estudo. Gênero e raça/cor foram preditores da qualidade de vida no domínio social, reduzindo em 11,3 pontos a média das mulheres negras. Análises de mediação demonstraram que 29,6% do efeito da interseccção entre escolaridade e gênero sobre o domínio psicológico e 4,3% do efeito da intersecção entre raça/cor e gênero sobre o domínio social foram mediados pela discriminação interpessoal. Esses resultados confirmam as hipóteses do estudo, apontando a importância e a contribuição da análise interseccional para a investigação das iniquidades na qualidade de vida.

Discriminatory episodes negatively impact the quality of life of Brazilian dental students: A cross‐sectional study

“…Finally, the study of discrimination gains different layers and should be performed through the lens of intersectionality and consequently, of multiplicative oppressions-a criterion that was not fully met in this study due to the lack of statistical analysis of potential reasons and the exclusive evaluation of perceived and explicit interpersonal discrimination. 3,4 A strong point to highlight was that these findings were obtained through a survey that had only 29.8% of losses. Also, educational institutions from the South and the Northeast macroregions of Brazil were included, which provides a broader view of episodes of discrimination and quality of life among dental educational institutions in the context of a Latin American country.…”

“…1 In Brazil, similarly to countries that have a marked past of colonization and exploitation, social minorities refer to groups such as women and other gender identities and expressions, nonheterosexual groups, nonwhite racial and ethnic groups, less educated and poor people, and people with disabilities. 1,3,4 Discrimination is influenced by prejudice and stereotypes and is an important mechanism for creating, maintaining, and reinforcing social inequities by preserving some groups' advantages against others' disadvantages. 1,2 Episodes of discrimination can impact different outcomes in the lives of individuals, such as worse living conditions related to income, schooling, employment, health, rates of early death, and exposure to violence.…”

“…[8][9][10][11] In several countries of the worldincluding the USA, the United Kingdom, and Brazil, dentistry is a degree that confers great social status, in addition to high salaries and good employability-being dominated by white, male, and cis-gender professionals, especially in leadership positions. 12 Considering adulthood health, studies have pointed to the deleterious effects of perceived discriminatory episodes on mental health and health behaviors, 13 the overall quality of life, 4 the health-related quality of life, 14 and the self-perceived general and mental health. 15 Studies also showed a dose-response effect between exposure to episodes of discrimination and quality-of-liferelated outcomes.…”

“…Particularly, interpersonal discrimination can be comprehended as directly perceived discriminatory interactions between individuals 1 . In Brazil, similarly to countries that have a marked past of colonization and exploitation, social minorities refer to groups such as women and other gender identities and expressions, nonheterosexual groups, nonwhite racial and ethnic groups, less educated and poor people, and people with disabilities 1,3,4 . Discrimination is influenced by prejudice and stereotypes and is an important mechanism for creating, maintaining, and reinforcing social inequities by preserving some groups' advantages against others' disadvantages 1,2 .…”

“…Considering adulthood health, studies have pointed to the deleterious effects of perceived discriminatory episodes on mental health and health behaviors, 13 the overall quality of life, 4 the health‐related quality of life, 14 and the self‐perceived general and mental health 15 . Studies also showed a dose‐response effect between exposure to episodes of discrimination and quality‐of‐life‐related outcomes 14,15 .…”