Vaccine confidence and hesitancy in Brazil

Brown, Amy L.; Sperandio, Marcelo; Turssi, C. P.; Leite, Rodrigo M. A.; Berton, Victor Ferro; Succi, Regina M.; Larson, Heidi; Napimoga, Marcelo Henrique

doi:10.1590/0102-311x00011618

Cited by 76 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The spread of conspiracy theories is a matter of concern, since exposition to conspiracy theories may have negative consequences, such as decreasing science acceptance (van der Linden, 2015), reduction in intention to engage in politics (Jolley and Douglas, 2014b) and, in the specific case of anti-vaccine conspiracy theories, can affect vaccination intentions (Jolley and Douglas, 2014a) and the pursuit of alternative vaccination schedules (Callaghan et al, 2019). The issue of mistrust-of vaccines, vaccination providers, or policy makers-is considered a driver for vaccine hesitation (Brown et al, 2018). Thus, the spread of distrust acts as a strategy to promoters of alternative therapies: in doing so, they affirm themselves as trusted sources for the audience and create potential consumers to the courses, books, and therapies they sell.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Stings: Selling Distrust About Vaccines on Brazilian YouTube

2020

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In this study, we investigate misinformation and disinformation (M&D) about vaccines using a case study approach to understand how M&D about vaccines circulate on YouTube in Portuguese, and who are the channels creating and disseminating this kind of content. The World Health Organization considered vaccine hesitation as one of the greatest threats to global health in 2019. Researchers associated this hesitation to a strengthening of the anti-vaccination movements, suggesting that social media is currently the main spreader of this position. YouTube increasingly becomes a matter of concern, since its recommendation system is identified as a promoter of misinformation and extreme content. Despite YouTube's statements, M&D about vaccines continue to be disseminated in videos in Portuguese, reaching a large audience. We found 52 videos containing M&D about vaccines. The main M&D were the claim of dangerous ingredients in vaccines, the defense of self-direction-freedom of choice, independent research-, the promotion of alternative health services, the myth that vaccines cause diseases, conspiracy theories, and the allegation of vaccine's severe collateral effects. We identified 39 brands advertising on 13 videos of our M&D sample. Although the YouTube Partner Program is an important source of income, the channels use different economic strategies, such as the selling of courses, and therapies and the use of fundraising platforms. We also found that alternative health channels spread distrust about traditional institutions to promote themselves as trusted sources for the audience and thereby profit with alternative health services.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Stings: Selling Distrust About Vaccines on Brazilian YouTube

2020

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“…Vaccine hesitancy is also posing a threat to measles eradication goals [5]. Though the Americas originally declared measles eliminated in 2002, declining coverage of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine and growing vaccine hesitancy in Brazil-particularly doubts about vaccine safety and effectiveness [6]-was accompanied by endemic transmission of measles over a year between 2013 and 2015. Measles was re-declared to be eliminated in the Americas in 2016, [7] but challenges persist through the region that threaten this elimination status again.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparisons of Vaccine Hesitancy across Five Low- and Middle-Income Countries

et al. 2019

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Vaccine hesitancy is a continuum of behaviors ranging from delay in receipt to vaccination refusal. Prior studies have typically focused on high-income countries, where vaccine hesitancy is particularly prevalent in more affluent groups, but the relationship between socioeconomic status and vaccine hesitancy in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) is less clear. The aim of this study was to describe vaccine hesitancy in five LMICs. Mothers of children in Sirajganj, Bangladesh (n = 60), Shanghai, China (n = 788), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (n = 341), Guatemala City and Quetzaltenango, Guatemala (n = 767), and Chandigarh, India (n = 309), completed a survey between 2016 and 2018 using the WHO’s 10-item Vaccine Hesitancy Scale. The scores of different constructs were compared across countries and by the mother’s education level using linear regression models with generalized estimating equations. Compared to mothers in China, mothers in Bangladesh perceived less vaccination benefit (β: 0.56, P = 0.0001), however, mothers in Ethiopia (β: −0.54, P < 0.0001) and Guatemala (β: −0.74, P = 0.0004) perceived greater benefit. Education level was not significantly linked with vaccine hesitancy. Local circumstances are important to consider when developing programs to promote vaccines. We did not find consistent associations between education and vaccine hesitancy. More research is needed to understand socio-cultural influences on vaccine decision-making.

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“…However, it is accepted that this is not the sole reason: among other factors that influenced the drop in vaccination coverage since 2016, the emergence of vaccine hesitancy is highlighted. This a phenomenon that has gained importance in various parts of the world and is characterized by the delay in accepting or refusal of the vaccine, regardless of its availability and access to health services 10 , 14 – 16 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No entanto, aceita-se que essa não seja a única razão: entre outros fatores que influenciaram a queda das coberturas vacinais a partir de 2016, é apontado o surgimento da hesitação vacinal, fenômeno que tem ganhado importância em várias partes do globo e se caracteriza pelo atraso em aceitar ou pela recusa da vacina, independentemente de sua disponibilidade e do acesso aos serviços de saúde 10 , 14 – 16 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Pandemia e coberturas vacinais

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2020

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Desde março de 2020, o Brasil enfrenta a pandemia da doença do coronavírus 2019 (covid-19), que modificou intensamente o modo de viver da população e o uso dos serviços de saúde, nos quais o comparecimento presencial caiu drasticamente, inclusive para a vacinação infantil, devido às medidas de distanciamento social para mitigar a transmissão do vírus. Diversos países registraram queda substancial das coberturas vacinais em crianças, especialmente nas menores de dois anos de idade. No Brasil, dados administrativos apontam o impacto da pandemia de covid-19 no agravamento dessa queda, que já constituía um desafio importante do Programa Nacional de Imunizações nos últimos anos. Muitas crianças estarão suscetíveis a doenças imunopreveníveis, o que reforça a necessidade de avaliar a situação vacinal dos escolares antes do retorno às aulas presenciais.

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Vaccine confidence and hesitancy in Brazil

Cited by 76 publications

References 12 publications

Natural Stings: Selling Distrust About Vaccines on Brazilian YouTube

Natural Stings: Selling Distrust About Vaccines on Brazilian YouTube

Comparisons of Vaccine Hesitancy across Five Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Pandemia e coberturas vacinais

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