Três Décadas De Mercosul: Institucionalidade, Capacidade Estatal E Baixa Intensidade Da Integração

Abstract

Resumo Ao longo de três décadas, o Mercosul passou por diversas fases e enfrentou distintas crises, embora permanecesse o consenso entre seus membros sobre a sua importância para a região e como instrumento de inserção internacional, à exceção do momento atual com o posicionamento questionador do governo de Jair Bolsonaro. O objetivo deste artigo é discutir como a tensão entre os defensores de um Mercosul mais aprofundado e de um Mercosul meramente comercial afetou a institucionalidade desse processo ao longo do tempo, assim como suscitou crises e relançamentos. O argumento deste artigo é que a não construção de um consenso sobre qual o significado da cooperação no Mercosul e os seus objetivos, propiciou uma institucionalidade frágil, suscetível a retrocessos no processo de integração.

Liquid Regionalism: a typology for regionalism in the Americas

“…The most recent dispute between Uruguayan President Lacalle Pou and Argentine Alberto Fernández regarding the flexibility of Mercosur during the bloc's 30-year Summit clearly illustrates a lack of alignment between member states and the current stagnation in integration initiatives with greater ambitions (Figueiredo 2021). However, a less fluid regional integration arrangement such as Mercosur has so far survived recent attacks from anti-regionalist governments, demonstrating its resilience and relative institutional depth (Mariano and Menezes 2021).…”

The National Legislatures in the Enlargement of Mercosur: Paraguay’s Acceptance of Venezuela and Bolivia

“…Latin America experienced three waves of regional integration processes (Mariano and Menezes 2021; Perrotta and Porcelli 2016). Previous research has established that the success and failure of the several experiences were directly related to the political and economic conditions in the involved countries (Luciano and Campos 2021; Fernandes and Wegner 2018; Doctor 2013; Malamud 2015).…”

Geopolitical Labyrinths of the Three Guianas in the Regional Cooperation and Integration Processes

“…For South America, the Common Market of the South (Mercosur) emerged in 1991 as a reaction of the Southern Cone (Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay) to the economically restrictive scenario of that decade, aiming to stimulate the regional market and a more competitive international insertion. Although the objective of the common market has not been achieved, due to the excessive bureaucracy that hinders exports and the lack of institutional coordination that delays the implementation of common policies, the organization has contributed to the deepening of relations between the southernmost countries (Mariano and Menezes 2021).…”