Biochar: Pyrogenic Carbon for Agricultural Use - A Critical Review

Novotny, E. H.; Maia, C. M. B. de F.; Carvalho, M. T. de M.; Madari, B. E.

doi:10.1590/01000683rbcs20140818

Cited by 160 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 189 publications

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“…With pyrolysis temperature at 650˚C, aliphatic chains, aromatic rings and elemental composition of C, N and O are reduced, making the biochar more recalcitrant [44]. Many characteristics, such as ash content, CEC and C/N ratio, vary according to the raw material [45] and [46], which justifies similar CO 2 emission values for the BCS, whether pyrolyzed at 350˚C or 650˚C. The BCS material is already highly recalcitrant, producing a biochar with lower ash content, lower nutrient diversity and greater surface area [47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Tropical Soils Amended with Poultry Manure and Sugar Cane Straw Biochars

Novais¹,

Zenero²,

Frade³

et al. 2017

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Increases in greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions, upon changes in land use and agricultural management, lead to a search for techniques that enhance carbon residence time in soil. Pyrolysis increases the recalcitrance of organic materials and enhances their activities as physical, chemical and biological soil conditioners. Emissions of CO 2 , CH 4 and N 2 O quantified from a sandy soil that was treated with three rates (12.5, 25 e 50 Mg•ha −1 ) of either non-pyrolysed poultry manure and sugarcane straw or biochars, pyrolysed at two contrasting temperatures (350˚C and 650˚C). Subsequently, the flux of the three gases was converted and compared in a standard unit (CO 2 eq). The added biochars, significantly reduced GHG emissions, especially CO 2 , relative to the non-pyrolysed materials. The greatest differences between applied rates of poultry manure, relative sugarcane straw, both to biochar and raw material, and the positive response to the increase of pyrolysis temperture, confirm the importance of raw material choice for biochar production, with recalcitrance being an important initial characteristic. Greater emissions occurred with intermediate rate of biochars (25 Mg•ha −1 ) amendment to the soil. These intermediate rates had higher microbial biomass, provided by an intermediate C/N ratio derived from the original soil and the biochar, promoting combined levels of labile C and oxygen availability, leading to an optimal environment for microbiota.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Tropical Soils Amended with Poultry Manure and Sugar Cane Straw Biochars

Novais¹,

Zenero²,

Frade³

et al. 2017

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“…Large-scale application of biochar in agriculture has been proposed as a promising technology for long-term C-sequestration and underground storage [104,105]. At the same time, much research and many (though not all) experimental applications of charcoal have demonstrated positive effects of black carbon on soil physical properties, including pore space; bulk density; water retention and infiltration [102,106,107]; soil chemical characteristics, such as a long-term increase in the cation exchange capacity [108,109], nutrient retention [110], improved P availability [111,112] (but frequently reduced N-availability [113], and reduced methane and nitrous oxide emissions [114][115][116] (but see [117,118]). Biochar applications have also been reported beneficial for soil biology, such as increases in mycorrhizal fungi [119] and in biological N 2 -fixation [120] (but see [121] and increases in overall diversity of the microbiota [103,122,123], despite the possible toxic nature of some biochar compounds [124].…”

Section: Biochar and Indian Blacksoilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Farming Practices for Sustainable Soil Use in the Humid Tropics and Rainforest Ecosystem Health

et al. 2016

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Abstract:Unsustainable farming practices such as shifting cultivation and slash-and-burn agriculture in the humid tropics threaten the preservation of the rainforest and the health of the local and global environment. In weathered soils prone to cohesion in humid tropic due to low Fe and carbon content and the enormous amounts of P that can be adsorbed, sustainable soil use is heavily dependent on the availability and efficient use of nutrients. This paper reviews the literature in the field and provides some insights about sustainable soil use in the humid tropics, mainly for the Brazilian Amazonia region. Careful management of organic matter and physical and chemical indicators is necessary to enhance root growth and nutrient uptake. To improve the rootability of the arable layer, a combination of gypsum with continuous mulching to increase the labile organic matter fraction responsible for the formation of a short-lived structure important for root growth is recommended, rather than tillage. Unlike mulching, mechanical disturbance via ploughing of Amazonian soils causes very rapid and permanent soil organic matter losses and often results in permanent recompaction and land degradation or anthropic savannization; thus, it should be avoided. Unlike in other regions, like southeast Brazil, saturating the soil solely with inorganic potassium and nitrogen soluble fertilizers is not recommended. Nutrient retention in the root zone can be enhanced if nutrients are added in a slow-release form and if biologically mediated processes are used for nutrient release, as occurs in green manure. Therefore, an alternative that favors using local resources to increase the supply of nutrients and offset processes that impair the efficiency of nutrient use must be pursued.

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“…Dentre diversos interesses no uso desse produto deve-se destacar o seu potencial para mitigar efeitos das mudanças climática, potencial para melhoria na fertilidade dos solos e crescimento de cultivos, retenção de água, e mais recentemente controle de poluição do solo (NOVOTNY et al, 2015) (Figura 5). Os estudos sobre biocarvão nascem de investigações sobre a matéria orgânica das Terras Pretas de Índio (TPI), em consonância com questionamentos que envolvem o manejo sustentável de solos, mudanças climáticas globais e estoque de carbono (LEHMANN et al, 2009).…”

Section: Biocarvãounclassified

“…Essas características diferenciadas em comparação com os demais solos da região amazônica são atribuídas à presença de material carbonizado com a presença de grupos funcionais químicos e estrutura física específica (NOVOTNY et al 2009). Nesse contexto, surge o biocarvão, produzido com o objetivo de ser aplicado ao solo para mitigar mudanças climáticas e melhorar desempenho agrícola (SOHI et al, 2010;NOVOTNY et al, 2015).…”

Section: Biocarvãounclassified

“…Diante desse quadro, uma forma de manter e aumentar os níveis de matéria orgânica do solo seria aplicando biocarvão (PETTER et al, 2016), pois devido à sua porosidade e alta superfície específica, pode contribuir para um melhor ambiente para microbiota do solo. A presença do biocarvão que já sofreu modificações estruturais pela interação com a matéria orgânica pode aumentar a CTC do solo (CHENG et al, 2006;NOVOTNY et al, 2007), desempenhar bom papel para estoque de carbono (LEHMANN et al, 2009;NOVOTNY et al, 2015), aumentar o pH (DEAL et al, 2012), reter nutrientes como fósforo (P) potássio (K), cálcio (Ca) e magnésio (Mg), formando um solo de elevado valor nutricional. Deve-se destacar também o efeito do biocarvão na retenção de água no solo (LEHMANN et al, 2011).…”

Section: O Biocarvão Na Matéria Orgânica Do Solounclassified

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O Efeito Do Biocarvão Em Mudas Da Mata Atlântica: Uma Análise Ambiental E Socioeconômica

RODRIGUES¹

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AgradecimentosAgradeço a minha orientadora Prof a . Agnieszka Ewa Latawiec por toda dedicação, incentivo, confiança, paciência e conselhos durante esses dois anos. A convivência com sua pessoa me tranquiliza e inspira. Um ser humano realmente especial.Ao meu coorientador Prof. Etelvino Henrique Novotny. Por me apresentar a ciência, pela dedicação ao trabalho e pelas oportunidades durante esses setes anos. Como já disse em minha monografia, você é meu pai científico, exemplo de profissional ético que levarei por toda vida.Ao Prof. Rogério Ribeiro de Oliveira, pelas oportunidades nessa trajetória. Além de professor, um grande amigo.Ao Prof. Bernardo Strassburg por todas as oportunidades e em especial por me conceder o privilégio de integrar sua equipe no Instituto Internacional para Sustentabilidade (IIS).Ao Prof. Jeronimo Boelsums, por aceitar participar da avaliação deste trabalho.Ao departamento de Geografia da PUC-Rio, por todas as contribuições acadêmicas e oportunidades. É com enorme satisfação que compartilho minha trajetória acadêmica e profissional com vocês, professores admiráveis.A secretaria do Departamento de Geografia da PUC-Rio, por toda atenção durante esses últimos anos.Aos meus colegas de turma, pelas deliciosas tardes que compartilhamos. Já sinto muitas saudades! Em especial a Maria Luciene por muitas trocas no processo dessa pesquisa.Aos colegas da Embrapa Solos e do IIS. Em especial ao Carlos Alho, grande amigo, que muito contribui para o meu trabalho com conselhos e sugestões nesses últimos anos. A Ellen Fonte e Juliana Silveira do IIS pela ajuda em algumas etapas desse trabalho. A Ana Hardman, Gabriel Galvão, Luisa Lemgruber, Maiara Mendes e Vanderlucio Santana por toda ajuda no campo. Ao Gabriel Paes, amigo de longa data na PUC-Rio, pelos conselhos e ajuda no campo. A Associação do Mico Leão-Dourado e viveiristas por sempre me receberem tão bem.Ao meu namorado Lucas Marins, por todo amor, incentivo, conselhos e apoio nos momentos mais difíceis. E a minha família, aos meus pais Jose e Maria, por todo investimento e apoio em minha trajetória acadêmica; e aos meus irmãos Adriana e Alexandre por acreditarem em mim. Vocês são meus pilares e minha inspiração diária. The species'germination, height and stem diameter were measured monthly. Focal groups with viveiristas and interviews with stakeholders and cost-benefit analyses of the substract were carried out. After the fase in the nurseries the seedlings were tansplanted to a degraded area and hydrogel was added in half of these plants. The survival rate was calculated. For Schinus terebinthifolius, Senna multijuga and Trema micrantha the use of biochar in its substrates showed the best cost-benefit. Palavras-chavesUsing biochar as alternative in substrates compounds attracted the interest of the vast marjority of viveiristas. In planting, Schinus terebinthifolius seedlings showed a high survival rate; as opposed to Cariniana legalis that presented low survival for the treatments with biochar; and Senna multijuga and Trema micrantha of high to m...

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Biochar: Pyrogenic Carbon for Agricultural Use - A Critical Review

Cited by 160 publications

References 189 publications

Mitigation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Tropical Soils Amended with Poultry Manure and Sugar Cane Straw Biochars

Mitigation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Tropical Soils Amended with Poultry Manure and Sugar Cane Straw Biochars

Improving Farming Practices for Sustainable Soil Use in the Humid Tropics and Rainforest Ecosystem Health

O Efeito Do Biocarvão Em Mudas Da Mata Atlântica: Uma Análise Ambiental E Socioeconômica

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