Assessing the Potential of the Water Soluble Allelopaths of Marsilea minuta in Rice and Wheat

Abstract

-To investigate the allelopathic effect of Marsilea minuta against the germination and seedling growths of rice (Oryza sativa) and wheat (Triticum aestivum), germination bioassays were conducted in both Petri dish and soil cultures in laboratory conditions. Rice and wheat seeds were allowed to germinate in a 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5% (w/v) aqueous extract of whole plant and 2, 4, 6, and 8% (w/w) plant residue-incorporated soils of M. minuta. In Petri dish experiments, 5% (w/v) an aqueous extract of M. mimuta showed significantly lower germination percentages (18.8% and 56.3%), root lengths (0.9 and 4.5 cm), shoot lengths (3.3 and 12.4 cm), seedling lengths (4.1 and 25.0 cm), root dry weights (1.4 and 5.6 g), shoot dry weights (1.1 and 9.0 g), seedling biomasses (2.5 and 14.6 g), and seedling vigor indices (77.4 and 957.3) in rice and wheat, respectively. In pot experiments, the M. minuta residue infested soil, with 8% concentration, produced significantly lower germination percentages (25.3 and 37.5%), root lengths (2.7 and 6.1 cm), shoot lengths (6.2 and 16.5 cm), seedling lengths (8.9 and 22.6 cm), root dry weights (2.4 and 5.5 g), shoot dry weights (4.0 and 2.8 g), seedling biomasses (6.4 and 8.3 g), and seedling vigor indices (224.1 and 855.3) in rice and wheat, respectively. The highest phytotoxic action of 5% aqueous whole plant extract of M. minuta against test crops seem to be due to the presence of two potent phenolic compounds, namely p-coumaric acid (2.91 mg L ) as determined by HPLC analysis.

Allelopathy and Allelochemicals of Eragrostis plana (Poaceae) and its Relation with Phenology and Nitrogen Fertilization

“…This procyanidin monomer has received attention for its inhibitory power over other plants, taking part in the successful invasion of the spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa, Asteraceae) in North America (Li et al, 2010) and in the allelopathic action of the black tachi (Tachigali myrmecophila, Leguminosae) (Lobo et al, 2008). Nevertheless, in other studies, the phytotoxic effects of the dwarf water clover (Marsilea minuta, Marsileaceae) on rice (Oriza sativa, Poaceae) and wheat were caused by the p-coumaric and m-coumaric acids (Tanveer et al, 2015). In any case, the allelochemicals activity depends on its concentration and may promote or inhibit the germination and the development of seedlings (Inderjit et al, 1999).…”

Isolation and identification of two phytotoxic compounds from the medicinal plant Cassia alata L.

“…In agricultural practices, applying synthetic herbicides to control weeds has long been an established and effective approach (Tanveer et al, ; Varshney, Hayat, Alyemeni, & Ahmad, ). However, the extensive and uneven use of synthetic herbicides has prompt to serious human health problems, environmental pollution, destruction of biodiversity and also the development of herbicide‐resistant weeds (Mahmood, Imadi, Shazadi, Gul, & Hakeem, ; Starling et al, ).…”