Heat unit accumulation and inflorescence and fruit development in ‘Ubá’ mango trees grown in Visconde do Rio Branco-MG

Abstract

There are little information in the scientific literature on flowering and fruiting of 'Ubá' mango trees. These information enables to know the proportion of hermaphrodite flowers in inflorescence, fruit set percentage and developmental stages of the fruit. In this study evaluations on inflorescence and fruit development of the 'Ubá' mango tree (Mangifera indica L.) were carried out, as well as the determination of the required number of heat units for full fruit development. Thirty branches whose terminal buds were swollen were selected from five mango trees. With the aid of a camera and a caliper, the panicle and fruit development were evaluated weekly until full fruit development. A digital thermometer was used to record ambient temperatures during fruit development in order to estimate the number of heat units required for complete development of the fruits. Male and hermaphrodite flowers of the panicles were also identified and counted. The developmental cycle of 'Ubá' mango from the beginning of apical bud swelling to commercial harvest of the fruit lasted 168 days in 2011 and 154 days in 2012. The number of hermaphrodite flowers and the percentage of fruit set in the inflorescence in 2011 were 32.3 and 0.066%, respectively; and 122.1 and 0.099% in 2012, respectively. There was accumulation of 3,173 heat units from flower bud swelling to full development of the 'Ubá' mangoes. Acúmulo de unidades térmicas e desenvolvimento da inflorescência e do fruto da mangueira 'Ubá' cultivada em Visconde do Rio Branco-MG

Phenological description and thermal time requirement of tamarind (Tamarindus indica) in tropical conditions

“…The maximum, minimum and mean temperatures during the study period were recorded (Figure 1) and DD under different phenological stages was worked out. Considering the climatic preference of tamarind (tropical) a base temperature of 10 C was considered to work out thermal time requirement (DD) at different phenological stages (Lemos et al, 2018;Souza et al, 2015):…”

“…The maximum, minimum and mean temperatures during the study period were recorded (Figure 1) and DD under different phenological stages was worked out. Considering the climatic preference of tamarind (tropical) a base temperature of 10°C was considered to work out thermal time requirement ( DD ) at different phenological stages (Lemos et al, 2018; Souza et al, 2015): where DD is the degree days; T max is the daily maximum air temperature (°C); T min is the daily minimum air temperature (°C); T b is the base temperature (°C) and n is the number of days of specific growth stage. Weather information during the study period was obtained from the Meteorological Centre located 6 km away from the site.…”

Growing Degree Day Targets for Fruit Development of Australian Mango Cultivars

“…Cultivar Tb ( [3] Calypso 10 n/a Christmas tree 1640 adjacent Australia [2] Honey Gold 12 n/a asparagus 1800 on farm Australia [4] Honey Gold 12 n/a Christmas tree 1500 adjacent Australia [2] R2E2 12 n/a asparagus 1800 on farm Brazil [5] Tommy Atkins 13 32 Christmas tree 1428 adjacent Brazil [6] Tommy Atkins 13 32 fruit set 1158 adjacent Brazil [7] Alfa 10 n/a Christmas tree 2117 1 km from farm Brazil [8] Roxa 10.6 n/a pea size fruit 1710 n/a Brazil [9] Uba 10 n/a bud swelling 2399 n/a Mexico [10] Tommy Atkins 10 n/a Christmas tree 1600 inside canopy Mexico [10] Keitt 10 n/a Christmas tree 2100 inside canopy Mexico [10] Kent 10 n/a Christmas tree 1800 inside canopy Mexico [10] Ataulfo 10 n/a Christmas tree 1600 inside canopy India [11] Alphonso 10 n/a fruit set 1867 n/a India [11] Alphonso 17.9 n/a fruit set 919 n/a India [12] Kesar 17.9 n/a fruit set 1020 n/a References: Diczbalis et al [1], Moore [2]; Hofman et al [3]; Winston et al [4], Castro et al [5], Rodrigues et al [6], Barros et al [7], Callejas et al [8], Lemos et al [9], Osuna-Garcia [10], Zagade et al [11], Halepotara et al [12].…”

“…The US National Mango Board [16] has The stages of flower development vary in duration (Figure 1). Lemos et al [9] reported 182 to 276 GDD (equivalent to 14-21 days) from bud swelling to flower initiation (a), then 623 GDD from bud swelling to flower opening (equivalent to 49 days) (c) using Equation (1). with a Tb of 10 for mango cv.…”

Quality of fruits of pitaya (Hylocereus undatus [Haworth] Britton & Rose) according to physiological maturity. A review

“…A properly timed harvest requires a determination of the physiological maturity stage of the fruit, which be identified by physical parameters, such as longitudinal length, equatorial diameter, mass, shape, color and firmness, and/or with chemicals using the soluble solids content, titratable acidity, and pH, among others. However, one of the criteria used in determining the harvest point is number of days of anthesis until full development of the fruit (Warrington et al, 1999;Lemos et al, 2018).…”