EVALUATION OF EMERGING METHODS ON THE POLYPHENOL CONTENT, ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY AND QUALITATIVE PRESENCE OF ACETOGENINS IN SOURSOP PULP (Annona muricata L.)

Abstract

ABSTRACT-The aim of this study was to obtain extracts from soursop pulp that were obtained with different solvents (chloroform, methanol, ethyl acetate and water) and different extraction methods (soxhlet, sonication and microwave), and analysed their extractable polyphenol content, antioxidant capacity and qualitative presence of acetogenins. The most efficient extraction method to obtain extractable polyphenols with high values of scavenging capacity by DPPH was sonication followed by microwave when methanol was used. The acetogenins were detected only in chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts obtained by the three extraction methods. Sonication or microwave was effective to obtain acetogenins or phenolic extracts in greater quantity than reported in soursop pulp, in a short time and few solvent. Index terms: Annona muricata, emerging extraction methods, bioactive compounds. AVALIAÇÃO DE MÉTODOS EMERGENTES SOBRE O CONTEÚDO DE POLIFENÓIS, CAPACIDADE ANTIOXIDANTE E PRESENÇA QUALITATIVA DE ACETIOGENINAS EM PULPA DE SOURSOP(Annona muricata L.) RESUMO-O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os extratos do polpa da graviola obtidos com diferentes solventes (clorofórmio, metanol, acetato de etilo e água) e diferentes métodos de extração (Soxhlet, sonicação e micro-ondas). Foi analisado o conteúdo de polifenóis extraíveis, capacidade antioxidante e presença qualitativa de acetogeninas. O método de extração mais eficiente para obter polifenóis extraíveis e valores elevados de capacidade antioxidante (DPPH) foi por sonicação, seguido por micro-ondas, quando o metanol foi usado. As acetogeninas foram detectadas somente em extractos com clorofórmio e acetato de etilo para todos os métodos de extração avaliados. Sonicação ou micro-ondas foi eficaz para extrair acetogeninas ou polifenóis em maior quantidade do que o relatado em polpa de graviola, em pouco tempo e pouco solvente. Termos para indexação: Annona muricata, métodos emergentes de extração, compostos bioactivos. 1 (Paper 155-15).

Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Total Acetogenins from the Soursop Fruit by Response Surface Methodology

“…This technology was widely used for a great diversity of compounds [3,15,16], but not for the extraction of acetogenins. In a single study reported by Leon-Fernandez et al [17], they found that the use of ultrasonic bath at 42 kHz for 3 h increased the qualitative extraction of acetogenins from soursop pulp compared to extraction by maceration, soxhlet method, and microwaves; however, further trials are required using an ultrasonic equipment with direct application, evaluating factors of amplitude, extraction time, temperature, and ultrasonic cycles (pulse-cycles), to optimize the extraction in different raw materials and different bioactive compounds [18].…”

“…On the other hand, Yang et al [26] found 1.67-2.29 mg/g from seeds of different Annona species by using supercritical fluid extraction. León-Fernández et al [17] reported the qualitative presence of acetogenins in soursop pulp using soxhlet, microwave, and ultrasonic bath extraction (3 h, 42 kHz). This experiment demonstrated that ultrasound is an efficient method of extraction.…”

“…The content of ACGs was determined by considering the colorimetric reaction of ACGs with Kedde's reagent; this reaction gives a pink color when Kedde's reagent reacts with α-β-unsaturated or satured γ-lactone [17,[31][32][33]. The acetogenic extracts (50 µL) were mixed with 2 mL of Kedde's reagent, and the absorbances were measured at 505 nm in a spectrophotometer (Jenway 6705, Dunmow, UK).…”

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“…The lyophilized sample (300 g) from each treatment (PF, PC3, PC6, PC12 and PT) was mixed with 600 mL of chloroform; then the mixture was treated with 3 cycles (1 cycle for 1 h) at a constant frequency (42 kHz) on an ultrasonic equipment (Cole-Palmer8891, Illinois, USA). The extracts were filtered and the solvent evaporated to dryness in a Yamato rotary evaporator (RE300, Santa Clara, California, USA) (León-Fernández et al, 2017a).…”

“…Nova et al (2013), determinaron la toxicidad de acetogeninas aisladas de hojas de guanábano (annonancinona y corosolona) sobre Artemia salina en etapas tempranas de crecimiento; Ellos reportaron altas actividades de 7.09 y 17.05 μg/mL, concluyendo que las acetogeninas aisladas poseen mayor actividad citotóxica que los extractos. La toxicidad de las fracciones podría estar relacionada con la presencia de acetogeninas debido a los solventes de extracción(León-Fernández et al, 2017a). be extracted with chloroform, dichloromethane, diethyl ether or ethyl acetate…”