The first report of the vanC1 gene in Enterococcus faecium isolated from a human clinical specimen

Sun, Mingyue; Wang, Yue; Chen, Zhongju; Zhu, Xuemei; Tian, Lei; Sun, Ziyong

doi:10.1590/0074-0276140019

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…These include carbapenemase genes bla IMP-1 , bla IMP-2 , bla OXA-23 , aminoglycoside resistance gene aphA , and vancomycin resistance gene vanC . The vanC is a chromosomally located gene generally associated with the Gram-positive Enterococcus gallinarum and was recently detected in Enterococcus faecium (Sun et al, 2014). Since both E. faecium and Enterococcus faecalis were detected on Chromocult coliform agar, the presence of vanC in hospital wastewater is not unexpected.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Diversity of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Swedish Aquatic Environments Impacted by Household and Hospital Wastewater

2019

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Antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and non-lactose fermenting Gram-negative bacteria are a major cause of nosocomial infections. Antibiotic misuse has fueled the worldwide spread of resistant bacteria and the genes responsible for antibiotic resistance (ARGs). There is evidence that ARGs are ubiquitous in non-clinical environments, especially those affected by anthropogenic activity. However, the emergence and primary sources of ARGs in the environment of countries with strict regulations for antibiotics usage are not fully explored. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the repertoire of ARGs of culturable Gram-negative bacteria from directionally connected sites from the hospital to the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), and downstream aquatic environments in central Sweden. The ARGs were detected from genomic DNA isolated from a population of selectively cultured coliform and Gram-negative bacteria using qPCR. The results show that hospital wastewater was a reservoir of several class B β-lactamase genes such as bla IMP-1 , bla IMP-2 , and bla OXA-23 , however, most of these genes were not observed in downstream locations. Moreover, β-lactamase genes such as bla OXA-48 , bla CTX-M-8 , and bla SFC-1 , bla V IM-1 , and bla V IM-13 were detected in downstream river water but not in the WWTP. The results indicate that the WWTP and hospital wastewaters were reservoirs of most ARGs and contribute to the diversity of ARGs in associated natural environments. However, this study suggests that other factors may also have minor contributions to the prevalence and diversity of ARGs in natural environments.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Diversity of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Swedish Aquatic Environments Impacted by Household and Hospital Wastewater

2019

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“…vanC is less virulent than vanA and vanB and intrinsically present in some enterococcal species. However, the vanC 1 gene cluster has been recently detected in E. faecalis and E. faecium clinical isolates providing moderate level resistance to vancomycin 55,56. Variable rates of vancomycin resistance were detected across the world, with lower rates detected in Europe and Canada (4%–6%) 54,57,58.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Emergence of multidrug resistance and extensive drug resistance among enterococcal clinical isolates in Egypt</p>

Said¹,

Abdelmegeed²

2019

IDR

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Introduction Enterococci commonly inhabit the gastrointestinal tract of both human and animals; however, they have emerged as a leading cause of several infections with substantial morbidity and mortality. Their ability to acquire resistance combined with intrinsic resistance to various antimicrobials makes treatment of enterococcal infections challenging. Materials and methods The aim of the study was to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance pattern, and assess the prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR) and extensive drug resistance (XDR) among enterococcal isolates, collected from different clinical sources, in Mansoura University Hospitals, Egypt. Results Antibiotic sensitivity testing revealed elevated levels of resistance among enterococcal clinical isolates (N=103). All E. faecium (N=32) and 74.6% of E. faecalis isolates (N=71) were MDR, while two E. faecalis and four E. faecium isolates were XDR. High level gentamicin resistance was detected in 79.6%, most of them carried the aac(6’)-Ie-aph(2’’)-Ia gene. High level streptomycin resistance was seen in 36.9%, of which 52.6% carried the ant(6’)-Ia gene. Resistance to macrolides and lincosamides were mediated by ermB (92.2%) and msrA/B (42.7%). tetK , tetL , and tetM genes were detected among tetracyclines resistant isolates. Resistance to vancomycin was detected in 15.5%, where vanB and vanC 1 gene clusters were detected in VRE isolates. Ten isolates (9.7%) were resistant to linezolid, eight of which harbored the optrA gene. Vancomycin and linezolid resistant enterococci were more likely to exhibit strong/moderate biofilm formation than vancomycin and linezolid sensitive ones. Conclusion Elevated levels of resistance to different classes of antimicrobial agents and emergence of MDR and XDR strains pose a major threat with limited therapeutic options for infections caused by this emerging pathogen.

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“…Acquired resistance of enterococci to glycopeptides is induced by plasmid-mediated expression of Van operons. To date, nine different operons have been identified, of which VanA and VanB are the most frequently encountered operons in VRE [ 20 , 21 ]. These operons encode for enzymes that modify the peptidoglycan precursor d -Ala- d -Ala dipeptide and thereby substantially decrease the affinity of vancomycin to its target site (up to 1000-fold) [ 22 , 23 ].…”

Section: Chemistry and Mechanism Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, recent studies identified the VanC gene in an E. faecium strain and therefore suggest that even VanC-type resistance can be transferred from one species to another. Activity of telavancin against VanC-type enterococci has not been investigated yet, but teicoplanin remains potent against them [ 21 – 23 , 25 – 30 ].…”

Section: Chemistry and Mechanism Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Telavancin Compared with the Other Glycopeptides

Jalali

Zeitlinger

2018

Clin Pharmacokinet

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Telavancin was discovered by modifying the chemical structure of vancomycin and belongs to the group of lipoglycopeptides. It employs its antimicrobial potential through two distinct mechanisms of action: inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis and induction of bacterial membrane depolarization and permeabilization. In this article we review the clinically relevant pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data of telavancin. For comparison, the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data of the other glycopeptides are presented. Although, in contrast to the newer lipoglycopeptides, telavancin demonstrates a relatively short half-life and rapid total clearance, its apparent volume of distribution (Vd) is almost identical to that of dalbavancin. The accumulation of telavancin after repeated dosing is only marginal, whereas the pharmacokinetic values of the other glycopeptides show much greater differences after administration of multiple doses. Despite its high plasma–protein binding of 90% and relatively low Vd of approximately 11 L, telavancin shows near complete equilibration of the free fraction in plasma with soft tissue. The ratio of the area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time zero to 24 h (AUC24) of unbound plasma concentrations to the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) required to inhibit growth of 90% of organisms (MIC90) of Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis of telavancin are sufficiently high to achieve pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic targets indicative for optimal bacterial killing. Considering both the AUC24/MIC ratios of telavancin and the near complete equilibration of the free fraction in plasma with soft tissue, telavancin is an appropriate antimicrobial agent to treat soft tissue infections caused by Gram-positive pathogens. Although the penetration of telavancin into epithelial lining fluid (ELF) requires further investigations, the AUC24/MIC ratio for S. aureus indicates that bactericidal activity in the ELF could be expected.

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The first report of the vanC1 gene in Enterococcus faecium isolated from a human clinical specimen

Cited by 14 publications

References 24 publications

Prevalence and Diversity of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Swedish Aquatic Environments Impacted by Household and Hospital Wastewater

Prevalence and Diversity of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Swedish Aquatic Environments Impacted by Household and Hospital Wastewater

<p>Emergence of multidrug resistance and extensive drug resistance among enterococcal clinical isolates in Egypt</p>

Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Telavancin Compared with the Other Glycopeptides

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