2019
DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760180332
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Abstract: BACKGROUNDSerological evidence of West Nile virus (WNV) infection has been reported in different regions of Brazil from equine and human hosts but the virus had never been isolated in the country.OBJECTIVES We sought to identify the viral etiology of equine encephalitis in Espírito Santo state.METHODS We performed viral culture in C6/36 cells, molecular detection of WNV genome, histopathology and immunohistochemistry from horse cerebral tissue. We also carried out sequencing, phylogenetic analysis and molecula… Show more

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Cited by 44 publications
(54 citation statements)
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“…The first isolation of WNV in Brazil was documented in 2018 when the virus was isolated from the central nervous system (CNS) of a dead horse with neurologic manifestations. The sample from this animal was collected in a rural area of Espírito Santo State, further confirming the spread of this virus to different Brazilian regions, as depicted in Figure 1 27 .…”
Section: Serological Evidence Of Wnv Circulation In Animals In Southsupporting
confidence: 57%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…The first isolation of WNV in Brazil was documented in 2018 when the virus was isolated from the central nervous system (CNS) of a dead horse with neurologic manifestations. The sample from this animal was collected in a rural area of Espírito Santo State, further confirming the spread of this virus to different Brazilian regions, as depicted in Figure 1 27 .…”
Section: Serological Evidence Of Wnv Circulation In Animals In Southsupporting
confidence: 57%
“…Like humans, most infected horses do not manifest any clinical signs, but a small percentage can develop encephalitis and die 88,98 . Other clinical signs include depression, loss of appetite, colic, limb weakness, recumbency, and muscle fasciculation 27,84,93,[98][99][100][101] . A neurological syndrome may set in, manifesting as ataxia, stupor, behavioral changes, paralysis of one or more limbs, lateral decubitus, intense sweating, pedaling movements, seizures, and cranial nerve palsy opisthotonos, as well as other alterations like hemineglect 27,93 .…”
Section: Clinical Manifestations In Animalsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Further, we did not include environmental variables known to alter dengue dynamics [54]. To implement GHT as complementary surveillance tool, other sources of uncertainties should be considered, among them, dengue information-seeking behavior might be confounded by the surge of other arbovirus-diseases such as chikungunya or Zika [68], or less well-known pathogens such as Mayaro, Oropouche, or West Nile viruses [69][70][71], all transmitted by different vectors from the order Diptera, which could trigger local web search behavior. This is especially true because of unspecific initial clinical presentations for those pathogens, media-induced panic or interest [72], and because health campaigns are often aimed towards vector control due to the lack of specific treatments [11].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The virus was more closely related to two strains isolated from birds, Corvus brachyrhynchos in 2002 and Pelecanus erythrorhynchos in 2005, both from the United States. A 99.0% (nucleotide) and 99.6% (amino acid) identity was observed between the Brazilian WNV and North American isolates 6 .…”
mentioning
confidence: 93%
“…Animal reservoirs and vectors of WNV related to this human case remain unknown. Finally, the virus was isolated last year from a horse in Espírito Santo State, southeast of Brazil 6 . Thus, despite evidence of WNV circulating in Brazil for at least 8 years, only one human case has been reported.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%