First evidence of Zika virus venereal transmission in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes

Pereira-Silva, Jordam William; Nascimento, Valdinete Alves do; Belchior, Heliana Christy Matos; Almeida, João Aprígio Guerra de; Pessoa, Felipe Arley Costa; Naveca, Felipe Gomes; Ríos-Velásquez, Claudia María

doi:10.1590/0074-02760170329

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The ability of different vector species to transmit ZIKV and other arboviruses is sensitive to a combination of factors, including vector population, virus strain, and environmental factors, such as ambient temperature and diurnal temperature range. Both venereal and vertical transmission in mosquitoes is possible, providing a potential mechanism for the virus to survive in adverse environmental conditions [ 47 , 48 , 49 ]. A recent study evaluated the vector competence of Ae.…”

Section: Zikv Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Zika Virus Epidemic in Brazil: From Discovery to Future Implications

Lowe

Barcellos

Brasil

et al. 2018

IJERPH

267

202

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The first confirmed case of Zika virus infection in the Americas was reported in Northeast Brazil in May 2015, although phylogenetic studies indicate virus introduction as early as 2013. Zika rapidly spread across Brazil and to more than 50 other countries and territories on the American continent. The Aedes aegypti mosquito is thought to be the principal vector responsible for the widespread transmission of the virus. However, sexual transmission has also been reported. The explosively emerging epidemic has had diverse impacts on population health, coinciding with cases of Guillain–Barré Syndrome and an unexpected epidemic of newborns with microcephaly and other neurological impairments. This led to Brazil declaring a national public health emergency in November 2015, followed by a similar decision by the World Health Organization three months later. While dengue virus serotypes took several decades to spread across Brazil, the Zika virus epidemic diffused within months, extending beyond the area of permanent dengue transmission, which is bound by a climatic barrier in the south and low population density areas in the north. This rapid spread was probably due to a combination of factors, including a massive susceptible population, climatic conditions conducive for the mosquito vector, alternative non-vector transmission, and a highly mobile population. The epidemic has since subsided, but many unanswered questions remain. In this article, we provide an overview of the discovery of Zika virus in Brazil, including its emergence and spread, epidemiological surveillance, vector and non-vector transmission routes, clinical complications, and socio-economic impacts. We discuss gaps in the knowledge and the challenges ahead to anticipate, prevent, and control emerging and re-emerging epidemics of arboviruses in Brazil and worldwide.

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Section: Zikv Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Zika Virus Epidemic in Brazil: From Discovery to Future Implications

Lowe

Barcellos

Brasil

et al. 2018

IJERPH

267

202

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…albopictus 42 , whereas venereal transmission has been observed in both directions (male-to-female and vice versa) in Ae. aegypti 43,44 (Supplementary Table 2). These findings reveal the complexity of vector-borne ZIKV transmission dynamics (Fig.…”

Section: Zikv Vertical and Venereal Transmission Reportsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vector-borne transmission and evolution of Zika virus

et al. 2019

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ika virus (ZIKV) is an arthropod-borne flavivirus related to yellow fever, dengue and West Nile viruses 1. ZIKV was first reported in East Africa in 1947 and expanded from the ancestral enzootic cycle in Africa to Asia several decades ago (Fig. 1). At the beginning of the 21st century, the virus expanded into the South Pacific and the Americas, triggering a pandemic that led to 48 countries reporting active ZIKV transmission by 2017 2. Prior to this expansion, there was little scientific research on this virus 3. In this paper, we review the natural history of ZIKV and the current knowledge about ZIKV vector-borne transmission and the mosquito and vertebrate host species potentially involved worldwide. Furthermore, we discuss the possibility of ZIKV spillback into an enzootic cycle outside Africa and review hypotheses regarding ZIKV recent global emergence and evolution. Finally, we identify research priorities for filling remaining gaps and challenges in our understanding of ZIKV. Zika virus natural history The virus was first isolated from a sentinel rhesus macaque and from Aedes (Stegomyia) africanus mosquitoes in the same Ugandan location. Surveillance efforts identified immune people in at least 25 African countries from 1945 to 2014 (reviewed in ref. 4) and in 7 Asian countries or territories from 1952 to 1997 (Fig. 1). However, many of the serologic tests employed in this surveillance are cross-reactive among flaviviruses, thus these results must be interpreted with caution. Nevertheless, direct detection of ZIKV in countries including Senegal,

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“…However, from a vector perspective, the vertical and venereal transmission of arboviruses are possible maintenance mechanisms during inter-epidemic periods in which the virus is maintained in a vector population independent of feeding on viremic animals [30]. Among hematophagous Diptera, the venereal transmission of viruses of human and veterinary importance has been observed with bunyaviruses [31][32][33], flaviviruses [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41], rhabdoviruses [42,43], and togaviruses [44,45] in mosquitoes and sand flies. However, no previous studies have reported venereal transmission by Culicoides biting midges for any arbovirus, nor for any insect species with VSV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Venereal Transmission of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus by Culicoides sonorensis Midges

2020

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Culicoides sonorensis biting midges are well-known agricultural pests and transmission vectors of arboviruses such as vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). The epidemiology of VSV is complex and encompasses a broad range of vertebrate hosts, multiple routes of transmission, and diverse vector species. In temperate regions, viruses can overwinter in the absence of infected animals through unknown mechanisms, to reoccur the next year. Non-conventional routes for VSV vector transmission may help explain viral maintenance in midge populations during inter-epidemic periods and times of adverse conditions for bite transmission. In this study, we examined whether VSV could be transmitted venereally between male and female midges. Our results showed that VSV-infected females could venereally transmit virus to uninfected naïve males at a rate as high as 76.3% (RT-qPCR), 31.6% (virus isolation) during the third gonotrophic cycle. Additionally, VSV-infected males could venereally transmit virus to uninfected naïve females at a rate as high as 76.6% (RT-qPCR), 49.2% (virus isolation). Immunofluorescent staining of micro-dissected reproductive organs, immunochemical staining of midge histological sections, examination of internal reproductive organ morphology, and observations of mating behaviors were used to determine relevant anatomical sites for virus location and to hypothesize the potential mechanism for VSV transmission in C. sonorensis midges through copulation.

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First evidence of Zika virus venereal transmission in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes

Cited by 19 publications

References 31 publications

The Zika Virus Epidemic in Brazil: From Discovery to Future Implications

The Zika Virus Epidemic in Brazil: From Discovery to Future Implications

Vector-borne transmission and evolution of Zika virus

Venereal Transmission of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus by Culicoides sonorensis Midges

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