Association of human papillomavirus and Chlamydia trachomatis with intraepithelial alterations in cervix samples

Wohlmeister, Denise; Vianna, Débora Renz Barreto; Helfer, Virgínia Etges; Gimenes, Fernanda Raphael Escobar; Consolaro, Márcia Edilaine Lopes; Barcellos, Regina Bones; Rossetti, Maria Lúcia Rosa; Calil, Luciane Noal; Buffon, Andréia; Pilger, Diogo André

doi:10.1590/0074-02760150330

Cited by 40 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…A larger sample and longitudinal observations would be advantageous for a more accurate conclusion. In Brazil, Wohlmeister et al found, in 2016, a lower prevalence of NG (1.2%), CT (9.5%), and TV (4.7%) than we did [ 21 ]. Nevertheless, in the same country, but 4 years before, de Abreu et al (2016) found higher rates (NG 4.7%, CT 10.3%, and TV 11.6%) [ 22 ].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 76%

Genital Tract Infections in an Isolated Community: 100 Women of the Príncipe Island

Vieira‐Baptista

Grincevičienė

Bellen³

et al. 2017

Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology

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Objective To characterize the vaginal microbiome and the rate of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the women of Príncipe (São Tomé and Príncipe). Methods Cross-sectional study of 100 consecutive women, invited for a free appointment and cervical cancer screening. A vaginal slide (wet mount microscopy) and a cervical sample (ThinPrep®) (Pap test, high risk human papillomavirus [HR-HPV], N. gonorrhea [NG], T. vaginalis [TV], and C. trachomatis [CT]) were obtained. Results TV, NG, CT, and HIV were found in 8.0%, 2.0%, 3.0%, and 2.0%, respectively, and were more prevalent in younger women. HR-HPV was positive in 36.7%; 2 were positive for HPV18, but none for HPV16. Coinfection of HPV with other STIs was 8.3%. Prevalence of abnormal vaginal flora (AVF) was 82.5%, mostly bacterial vaginosis (BV) 54.6%, and moderate/severe aerobic vaginitis (msAV) 25.8%. HR-HPV was not related to BV (p = 0.67). The association of abnormal Pap test with msAV was not significant (p = 0.08). Conclusion The prevalence of NG, CT, TV, and HR-HPV was according to expected, while that of HR-AVF was higher. The surprisingly low prevalence of HPV16 and HPV18 must be considered in the design of programs for prevention and vaccination; this setting can be useful as a model for postvaccination scenarios.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 76%

Genital Tract Infections in an Isolated Community: 100 Women of the Príncipe Island

Vieira‐Baptista

Grincevičienė

Bellen³

et al. 2017

Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology

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“…When assessing the association between hr-HPV and individual STIs, there was a significant positive association between hr-HPV and NG and CT. The strong association between HPV infection and STIs has been demonstrated in previous studies, where infection with hr-HPV types, was a risk factor for CT and NG infection [64–66]. These findings are significantly of high importance for policy and prevention programmes to include HPV infection in the existing STIs prevention programmes in the country.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Prevalence and risk factors associated with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among women of reproductive age in Swaziland

Ginindza

Stefan

Tsoka-Gwegweni

et al. 2017

Infect Agents Cancer

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BackgroundSexually transmitted infections (STIs) remain an important public health problem with approximately half a billion new cases annually among persons aged 15–49 years. Epidemiological data on STIs among women of reproductive age in Swaziland are limited. The availability of epidemiological data on STIs and associated risk factors in this population is essential for the development of successful prevention, diagnosis and management strategies in the country. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with STIs.MethodsA total of 655 women aged 15–49 years were systematically enrolled from five health facilities using a cross-sectional study design. Cervical specimen were tested using GeneXpert CT/NG Assays for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), GeneXpertTV Assay for Trichomonas vaginalis (TV), and GeneXpert HPV Assays for hr-HPV. Blood samples were tested using Alere Determine HIV-1/2Ag/Ab Combo and Trinity Biotech Uni-Gold Recombigen HIV test for confirmation for HIV, and Rapid Plasma Reagin and TPHA test for confirmation for Treponema pallidum (syphilis). Genital warts were assessed prior to specimen collection. Survey weighted analyses were done to estimate the population burden of STIs.ResultsThe four most common curable STIs: CT, NG, TV, Treponema pallidum (syphilis), as well as genital warts were considered in this study. The overall weighted prevalence of any of these five STIs was 19.4% (95% CI: 14.9–24.8), corresponding to 72 990 women with STIs in Swaziland. The estimated prevalences were 7.0% (95% CI: 4.1–11.2) for CT, 6.0% (95% CI: 3.8–8.8) for NG, 8.4% (95% CI: 5.4–12.8) for TV, 1.4% (95% CI: 1.1–10.2) for syphilis and 2.0% (95% CI: 1.0–11.4) for genital warts. The overall weighted HIV prevalence was 42.7% (95%CI: 35.7–46.2). Among hr-HPV positive women, 18.8% (95% CI: 13.1–26.3) had one STI, while 6.3% (95% CI: 3.3–11.7) had multiple STIs. Risk factors associated with STIs were being employed (OR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.0–4.7), self-employed (OR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.5–5.5) and being hr-HPV positive (OR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.3–3.1). Age (0.9, 95% CI: 0.8–0.9), being married (OR = 0.4, 95% CI: 0.3–0.7) and not using condoms with regular partners (OR = 0.5, 95% CI: 0.3–0.9) were inversely associated with STIs.ConclusionSTIs are highly prevalent among women of reproductive age in Swaziland. Thus, a comprehensive STIs screening, surveillance and treatment programme would be justified and could potentially lower the burden of STIs in the country.

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“…HPV infection may have transient symptoms, and spontaneous clearance occurs in 80% of cases as the virus is flushed by the host immune system without any cell changes. In approximately 20% of women, HPV infection may be persistent and later evolve into cervical cancer in up to 10% of cases (Abreu et al, 2012;Wohlmeister et al, 2016). Actually, the most important viral factor is the type of HPV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have shown that the most common HR HPV detected in carcinoma cases are HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, 39, and 45 (Muñoz 2000;Kraus et al, 2006;Parkin et al, 2008;Wohlmeister et al, 2016a). Kaliff et al, ( 2018) carried out a study and found that HPV 16 was the most prevalent genotype, followed by HPV 18: the two are the main genotypes detected in squamous cell carcinoma (Oliveira-Silva et al, 2011;Wohlmeister et al, 2016). The 12 other high-risk HPV genotypes (viz.,HPV 31,33,35,39,45,51,52,56,58,59,66,and 68) were highly prevalent in the present study; more in fact than HPV 16 or HPV 18.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection in High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Based on Cervical Cytology Specimen

Sangpichai

Patarapadungkit

Pientong

et al. 2019

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev

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Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 20 (12), [3843][3844][3845][3846][3847] Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in women are usually asymptomatic and most clear spontaneously within 1-2 years (Jenkins, 2007). Persistent infection with various high-risk types of HPV (HR HPV) often progresses to invasive cancer. HPV DNA can be detected in more than 99% of cervical cancer, of which 70% are caused by HR HPV16 and 18 (Douglas, 2016). HPV16 was the most common type found in cervical carcinoma in all regions. The other associated risk factors for developing cervical cancer are first coitus age, multiple sexual partners, cigarette smoking, sexually-transmitted disease (STD), immunosuppression, oral contraceptive use, and co-infection with other sexually-transmitted infection (STI) (Jhingran et al., 2014).Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) is the most common bacterial STI worldwide with more than 1.4 AbstractObjective: High-risk human papillomavirus (HR HPV) was associated with the development of cervical cancer. Asymptomatic Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) infection is the most common bacterial, sexually-transmitted infection. This study aimed to investigate the association of C. trachomatis in positive HR HPV and the cytological results from liquid-based cytology (LBC). Methods: 150 residual LBC specimens were collected; all of which had undergone cytology and HPV testing by Cobas. The samples were established as C. trachomatis using real-time PCR (RT-PCR) with Cryptic F/Cryptic R primers. Results: Of 150 positive HPV findings, the most common (72.7%, 109/150) were the 12 other HR HPVs (viz., 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, and 68). The cervical cytology of those positive HR HPVs were mostly negative (70.0%, 105/150). The C. trachomatis infections in positive HR HPV were 16% (24/150) HPV. The analysis of the abnormal cytology revealed that 41.6% had C. trachomatis coinfection (C. trachomatis and HPV infection) viz., LSIL (20.8%), HSIL (12.5%), and ASC-US (8.3%). A comparison with positive HPV without C. trachomatis co-infection revealed that the highest prevalence was for LSIL, ASC-US, and HSIL (11.1%, 10.3%, and 6.4%, respectively). There was no difference between the abnormalities and negative cervical cytology with negative and positive C. trachomatis co-infection in HR HPV positive (p = 0.174). Conclusion: C. trachomatis infection was not significantly associated HR-HPV and abnormal cytology. This study confirms the increasing rate of C. trachomatis infection in asymptomatic women so routine screening for these infections has been suggested to (a) prevent complications such as the chronic pelvic pain associated with prolong infection and (b) reduce sexual transmission of the infection.

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Association of human papillomavirus and Chlamydia trachomatis with intraepithelial alterations in cervix samples

Cited by 40 publications

References 32 publications

Genital Tract Infections in an Isolated Community: 100 Women of the Príncipe Island

Genital Tract Infections in an Isolated Community: 100 Women of the Príncipe Island

Prevalence and risk factors associated with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among women of reproductive age in Swaziland

Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection in High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Based on Cervical Cytology Specimen

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